故障

Chinese

		happening; instance; reason happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old	to block; to hinder; to obstruct
simp. and trad. (故障)		故	障

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gùzhàng

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄓㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³ zoeng³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ku-chong
Min Nan (POJ): kò͘-chiong / kò͘-chiòng / kò͘-chiàng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gùzhàng → gùzhang (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄓㄤˋ → ㄍㄨˋ ˙ㄓㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guh.janq
  - IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/ → /ku⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu³ zoeng³
  - Yale: gu jeung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu³ dzoeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu³ zêng³
  - IPA ^(key): /kuː³³ t͡ɕœːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-chong
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu zong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu⁴ zong⁴
  - IPA: /ku⁵⁵ t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiong
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korciofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiòng
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korcioxng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡ɕiɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-chiàng
  - Tâi-lô: kòo-tsiàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: korciaxng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiaŋ²¹/

Noun

故障

breakdown; malfunction; fault; failure (of a mechanical or electronic device)
出故障 ― chū gùzhàng ― to breakdown

技術故障 / 技术故障 ― jìshù gùzhàng ― technical fault

引擎故障 ― yǐnqíng gùzhàng ― engine failure
(figuratively) obstacle; hitch
(computing) bug

Japanese

Kanji in this term
故	障
こ Grade: 5	しょう Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) こしょー [kòshóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ko̞ɕo̞ː]

Noun

故障 (hiragana こしょう, rōmaji koshō)

break, break down, have a fault, go out of order

Verb

故障する (intransitive, hiragana こしょうする, rōmaji koshō suru)

break, break down, have a fault

Conjugation

Conjugation of "故障する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	故障し	こしょうし	koshō shi
Continuative (連用形)	故障し	こしょうし	koshō shi
Terminal (終止形)	故障する	こしょうする	koshō suru
Attributive (連体形)	故障する	こしょうする	koshō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	故障すれ	こしょうすれ	koshō sure
Imperative (命令形)	故障せよ¹ 故障しろ²	こしょうせよ¹ こしょうしろ²	koshō seyo¹ koshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	故障される	こしょうされる	koshō sareru
Causative	故障させる故障さす	こしょうさせるこしょうさす	koshō saseru koshō sasu
Potential	故障できる	こしょうできる	koshō dekiru
Volitional	故障しよう	こしょうしよう	koshō shiyō
Negative	故障しない	こしょうしない	koshō shinai
Negative continuative	故障せず	こしょうせず	koshō sezu
Formal	故障します	こしょうします	koshō shimasu
Perfective	故障した	こしょうした	koshō shita
Conjunctive	故障して	こしょうして	koshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	故障すれば	こしょうすれば	koshō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
故	障

Noun

故障 • (gojang) (hangeul 고장)

Hanja form^? of 고장 (“mechanical breakdown”).

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN