奈

See also: 柰

奈	U+5948, 奈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5948

← 奇
[U+5947]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奉 →
[U+5949]

Translingual

Han character

奈 (radical 37 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大一一火 (KMMF), four-corner 4090₁, composition ⿱大示)

Derived characters

捺

Descendants

な
ナ

References

KangXi: page 251, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5893

Dae Jaweon: page 511, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 532, character 2

Unihan data for U+5948

Chinese

simp. and trad.		奈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (奈) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
奈	naːls, naːds
柰	*naːds
渿	*naːds
捺	*naːd

A variant of 柰.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nài (nai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): noi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nai
Min Nan (POJ): nāi / tā / ta / tāi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: nài
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: nai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nay
  - IPA ^(key): /naɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: noi⁶
  - Yale: noih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: noi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: noi⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /nɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nai
  - Hakka Romanization System: nai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nai⁴
  - IPA: /na̯i⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
  - Tâi-lô: nāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nai
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nãɪ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãɪ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nãɪ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tā
  - Tâi-lô: tā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: da
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ta²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ta⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
  - Tâi-lô: ta
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
  - Tâi-lô: tāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dai
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /taɪ²²/

Note:

nāi - literary;
ta/tai/tā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 無奈何).

Middle Chinese: /nɑi^H/, /nɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	奈	奈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	奴帶切	奴箇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑi^H/	/nɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑi^H/	/nɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑi^H/	/nɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/naj^H/	/na^H/
Li Rong	/nɑi^H/	/nɑ^H/
Wang Li	/nɑi^H/	/nɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑi^H/	/nɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nài	nuò

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤa[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*naːls/, /*naːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nài
Middle Chinese	‹ naj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*nˤa[t]-s/
English	cope with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奈	奈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9349	9350
Phonetic component	奈	奈
Rime group	歌	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	奈	柰
Old Chinese	/*naːls/	/*naːds/

Definitions

奈

how; why (used in rhetorical questions)
to bear; to stand; to endure
(Taiwan) The SI unit prefix nano-

Compounds

不奈
不奈何
不奈煩／不奈烦
不寧奈／不宁奈
可奈
叵奈
基奈
奈上祝下
奈何 (nàihé)
奈何橋／奈何桥
奈升
奈及利亞／奈及利亚 (Nàijílìyà)
奈向
奈守
奈曼
奈洛比 (Nàiluòbǐ)
奈煩／奈烦
奈秒

奈米 (nàimǐ)
奈良 (Nàiliáng)
奈良時代／奈良时代
如之奈何 (rú zhī nàihé)
寧奈／宁奈
尀奈
山奈
山奈鉀／山奈钾
康奈爾／康奈尔
康奈爾大學／康奈尔大学
怎奈
末奈何
欽奈／钦奈 (Qīnnài)
沒及奈何／没及奈何
沒奈何／没奈何 (mònàihé)
沒極奈何／没极奈何
沒計奈何／没计奈何
澀奈／涩奈

無可奈何／无可奈何 (wúkěnàihé)
無奈／无奈 (wúnài)
無奈我何／无奈我何
無如奈何／无如奈何
無計奈何／无计奈何
爭奈／争奈
神奈川縣／神奈川县
莫可奈何
萬般無奈／万般无奈
葛林奈爾／葛林奈尔
葛林奈爾大學／葛林奈尔大学
蘇爾奈／苏尔奈
西奈 (Xīnài)
西奈半島／西奈半岛 (Xīnài Bàndǎo)
西奈協定／西奈协定
西奈山
頗奈／颇奈
香奈兒／香奈儿

Japanese

Kanji

奈

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Abbreviation of 奈良: the city of Nara
what
(obsolete) apple tree

Readings

Goon: な (na, Jōyō); ない (nai)
Kan’on: だ (da); だい (dai)
Kun: いかん (ikan, 奈); いかんせん (ikansen, 奈); いかんぞ (ikanzo, 奈); からなし (karanashi, 奈)
Nanori: なに (nani); なん (nan)

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

柰

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠na̠ɕi]

Noun

奈 (hiragana からなし, katakana カラナシ, rōmaji karanashi)

Obsolete form of 唐梨.
(by extension) Obsolete spelling of 林檎 (“apple”)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

如何

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ikã̠ɴ]

Pronoun

奈 (hiragana いかん, rōmaji ikan)

Alternative form of 奈何 (“what”)

Korean

Hanja

奈 • (nae, na) (hangeul 내, 나, revised nae, na, McCune–Reischauer nae, na)

but, how
bear, stand, endure

Vietnamese

Han character

奈 (nại, nhự)

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