參差
Chinese
ginseng; take part in; participate; join; attend; to join; unequal; varied; irregular; to counsel; uneven; not uniform |
differ from; short of; to lack; poor; send; a messenger; a mission; to commission; uneven; difference; discrepancy; to differ; error; to err; to make a mistake | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (參差) | 參 | 差 | |
| simp. (参差) | 参 | 差 | |
| alt. forms | 嵾嵳 嵾嵯 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caam1 ci1
- Min Nan (POJ): chhim-chhu / chherm-chhir / chhim-chhi / chham-chha / chham-chhu / chham-chhi / chhim-chhe / chham-chhe
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: caam1 ci1
- Yale: chāam chī
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam1 tsi1
- Guangdong Romanization: cam1 qi1
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-chhu
- Tâi-lô: tshim-tshu
- Phofsit Daibuun: chimzhw
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chherm-chhir
- Tâi-lô: tsherm-tshir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰəm³³ t͡sʰɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-chhi
- Tâi-lô: tshim-tshi
- Phofsit Daibuun: chimchy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-chha
- Tâi-lô: tsham-tsha
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhamzhaf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³ t͡sʰa³³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-chhu
- Tâi-lô: tsham-tshu
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhamzhw
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-chhi
- Tâi-lô: tsham-tshi
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhamchy
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-chhe
- Tâi-lô: tshim-tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: chimzhef
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-chhe
- Tâi-lô: tsham-tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhamzhef
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 參 | 差 |
| Reading # | 2/5 | 1/5 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 支 (13) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | Chongniu III | Chongniu III |
| Fanqie | 楚簪切 | 楚宜切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ʃʰˠiɪm/ | /t͡ʃʰˠiᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚim/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ʃʰiem/ | /t͡ʃʰiɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈ͡ʂʰjim/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰjiə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ʃʰjəm/ | /t͡ʃʰje/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ʃʰĭĕm/ | /t͡ʃʰǐe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯əm/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chēn | chī |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 參 | 差 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 4/5 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
cēn | cī |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsrhim › | ‹ tsrhje › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[tsʰr][u]m/ | /*tsʰraj/ |
| English | 參差 tsrhim.tsrhje uneven | 參差 uneven |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 參 | 差 |
| Reading # | 4/5 | 6/6 |
| No. | 1103 | 18042 |
| Phonetic component |
參 | 左 |
| Rime group |
侵 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
嵾 | 差 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sʰrum/ | /*sʰral/ |
| Notes | 同嵾 | 見孟子 |
Adjective
參差
Derived terms
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