刮

See also: 颳

刮	U+522E, 刮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-522E

← 刭
[U+522D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

刯 →
[U+522F]

Translingual

Han character

刮 (radical 18 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中弓 (HRLN), four-corner 2260₀, composition ⿰舌刂)

References

KangXi: page 138, character 29

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1943

Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 7

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 335, character 3

Unihan data for U+522E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
咶	qʰroːds, qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	kroːd, koːd
趏	kroːd, kʰroːd
舌	ɡroːd, ɦbljed
姡	ɡroːd, ɡoːd
頢	ɡroːd, koːd
括	*koːd
活	koːd, ɡoːd
适	koːd, kʰoːd
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	koːd, ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	koːd, kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːd) : phonetic 𠯑 + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		刮

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guā (gua¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaat³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koat
Min Nan (POJ): koat / koah / kuih / koeh / khe / khoe
Wu (Wiktionary): kuaq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: guā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
  - Wade–Giles: kua¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
  - IPA ^(key): /ku̯a̠⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaat³
  - Yale: gwaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: guad³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʷɑːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat
  - Hakka Romanization System: guad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: guad⁵
  - IPA: /ku̯at̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
  - Tâi-lô: kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
  - Tâi-lô: kuah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuih
  - Tâi-lô: kuih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuiq
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kuiʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
  - Tâi-lô: kueh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
  - Tâi-lô: khe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qef
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
  - Tâi-lô: khue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/

Note:

koat - literary;
koah - vernacular;
kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kuaq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /kɯa̱ʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 刮
Mandarin	Beijing	/kua⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kua²¹³/ ～風 /kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
	Tianjin	/kuɑ¹³/
	Jinan	/kua²¹³/ /kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
	Qingdao	/kua⁵⁵/ ～風 /kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
	Zhengzhou	/kua²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kua²¹/
	Xining	/kua⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kua¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kua¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kua²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kua²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kua³¹/
	Guiyang	/kua²¹/
	Kunming	/kua̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風 /kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
	Hohhot	/kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風 /kua³¹/ 耳～子
Wu	Shanghai	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kuaʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kuːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kua²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kuɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuat̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kuɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwat̚³/
	Nanning	/kʷat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kuat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kuɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kua²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuaʔ²/ /kueʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kuak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kˠuat̚/▼

Rime
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	黠 (72)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古䫄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/kuat̚/
Wang Li	/kwat̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gua

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guā
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæt ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/
English	scrape (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
No.	7559
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	刮
Old Chinese	/*kroːd/

Definitions

刮

to shave; to pare off; to scrape
Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”).
to wipe; to wipe clean
to plunder; to extort
(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 刮 – see 颳 (“to blow; etc.”). (This character, 刮, is the simplified form of 颳.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

刮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): かつ (katsu), けち (kechi)

Kun: けずる (kezuru), きさぐ (kisagu), きさげ (kisage), こそぐ (kosogu), こそげる (kosogeru)

Korean

Hanja

刮 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄, revised gwal, McCune–Reischauer kwal)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.