分子

See also: 份子

Chinese

		to divide; minute; (a measure word) to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng	child; son; (noun suff.) child; son; (noun suff.); small thing; midnight; 11 p.m.-1 a.m.; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch
simp. and trad. (分子)		分	子

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 分 (ぶん)子 (し) (bunshi, “molecule, numerator”), which was in turn a semantic readaptation of Chinese 分子 (“element”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣㄗˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁶ zi², fan¹ zi²
Min Nan (POJ): hun-chír / hun-chú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fēnzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣㄗˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fentzyy
  - IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: fan⁶ zi², fan¹ zi²
  - Yale: fahn jí, fān jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi², fan¹ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji², fen¹ ji²
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/, /fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    份子
    分子
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chír
  - Tâi-lô: hun-tsír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chú
  - Tâi-lô: hun-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunzuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /pɨun t͡sɨ^X/▼

Rime
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	府文切	即里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/piun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən/	/t͡sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun/	/t͡sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/piuən/	/t͡siə^X/
Wang Li	/pĭuən/	/t͡sĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uən/	/t͡si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn	zǐ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n] tsəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯn ʔslɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēn	zǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun ›	‹ tsi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pə[n]/	/*tsəʔ/
English	divide	child; gentleman, master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	分	子
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3148	17857
Phonetic component	分	子
Rime group	文	之
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	分	子
Old Chinese	/*pɯn/	/*ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

分子

side branch in a family tree
component
(chemistry) molecule
極性分子 / 极性分子 ― jíxìng fēnzǐ ― polar molecule
(arithmetic) numerator

Derived terms

分子式 (fēnzǐshì)

分子生物學／分子生物学 (fēnzǐ shēngwùxué)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fènzǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁶ zi²
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn-chír / hūn-chú

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁷ ze²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fènzǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenntzyy
  - IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: fan⁶ zi²
  - Yale: fahn jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁶ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁶ ji²
  - IPA ^(key): /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    份子
    分子
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chír
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tsír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chú
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tsú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzuo
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁷ ze²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hūng tsṳ́
  - IPA ^(key): /huŋ¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

Noun

分子

member (of a class); element (of a group of people)
不法分子 ― bùfǎ fēnzǐ ― offender
Alternative form of 份子 (fènzi).

Usage notes

It generally carries a pejorative tone when it is used as a suffix.

Derived terms

叛亂分子／叛乱分子 (pànluàn fènzǐ)
右翼分子 (yòuyì fènzǐ)
壞分子／坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
左翼分子 (zuǒyì fènzǐ)
恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
投機分子／投机分子 (tóujī fènzǐ)

活動分子／活动分子 (huódòng fènzǐ)
活躍分子／活跃分子 (huóyuè fènzǐ)
犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
異議分子／异议分子 (yìyì fènzǐ)
知識分子／知识分子 (zhīshi fènzǐ)
積極分子／积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
分	子
ぶん Grade: 2	し Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 分子 (pjun tsiX)

Noun

分子 (hiragana ぶんし, rōmaji bunshi)

element (of a group)
(arithmetic) numerator (of a fraction)
(chemistry) molecule

Descendants

→ Chinese: 分子
→ Korean: 분자 (bunja)
→ Vietnamese: phân tử; phần tử

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
分	子

Noun

分子 • (bunja) (hangeul 분자)

Hanja form^? of 분자 (“molecule; element; numerator”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
分	子

Noun

分子

Hán tự form of phân tử, “molecule”
Hán tự form of phần tử, “element”

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