出る

Etymology

/idu/ → /du/ → /duru/ → /deru/

From Old Japanese 出づ (idu).

The initial i fell out in compounds where the preceding element ended in i. The du form on its own was not used much outside of compounds until the Kamakura period.^[1][2]

The ending then shifted from -duru (modern -dzuru) to -deru, a shift common to all lower bigrade verbs that occurred from the late Muromachi period through the early Edo period.

Some sources trace the development instead as idu → iduru → duru → deru.^[3]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) で​る [déꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][4][5]
  • IPA^(key): [de̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

出る (intransitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana でる, rōmaji deru)

1. to leave a place

   部 (へ)屋 (や)を出 (で)る

   heya o deru

   to leave a room

2. to go out

   外 (そと)に出 (で)る。

   Soto ni deru.

   I'll go outside.

   旅 (たび)に出 (で)る。

   Tabi ni deru.

   I'll go out on a trip.

3. to come forth, to be or become apparent, to appear

   お化 (ば)けが出 (で)た。

   Obake ga deta.

   A spirit appeared.

   血 (ち)が出 (で)ているよ。

   Chi ga dete iru yo.

   You're bleeding. (lit. Blood is coming out.)

4. to make an appearance, to appear
   • 2007, various contributors, 石川セリ (Ishikawa Seri), in Japanese Wikipedia,

     もっとテレビに出 (で)て下 (くだ)さい。

     Motto terebi ni dete kudasai.

     Please make more TV appearances.

5. (by extension from “to appear”) to answer (as in the phone or door)

   電 (でん)話 (わ)に出 (で)る。

   Denwa ni deru.

   I'll answer the phone.

   私 (わたし)が出 (で)る。

   Watashi ga deru.

   I'll answer the door.

References