公家

Chinese

		just; honorable; public just; honorable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
simp. and trad. (公家)		公	家

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ gaa¹
Min Nan (POJ): kong-ka / kong-kee

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gōngjiā → gōngjia (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄐㄧㄚ → ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄐㄧㄚ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong.jia
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯a̠⁵⁵/ → /kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯a̠²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ gaa¹
  - Yale: gūng gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ ga¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kɑː⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ka
  - Tâi-lô: kong-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

Adjective

公家

public

Antonyms

私人 (sīrén)

Noun

公家

the state
the public
the imperial family

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (POJ): kong-ke / kong-kee

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-ke
  - Tâi-lô: kong-ke
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongkef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-kee
  - Tâi-lô: kong-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

Verb

公家

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou Min Nan) to work together; to operate jointly

Adverb

公家

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwanese Min Nan) jointly; together

公家出 ― gōngjiā chū ― (everyone) pay together

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
公	家
く Grade: 2	げ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Probably originally from Middle Chinese 公家. Compare modern Mandarin 公家 (gōngjiā, “the state, the public”). The meaning in Japanese developed from “great house, great family” to then signify “the imperial family”, then by extension the courtiers, and again the nobility.^[1]

The reading is an alteration from the expected go'on reading of kuke.

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) くげ [kùgé] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
- IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɡe̞]

Alternative forms

公卿

Noun

公家 (hiragana くげ, rōmaji kuge)

the imperial court
the emperor and courtiers
the nobility in general

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
公	家
こう Grade: 2	か Grade: 2
on’yomi

The kan'on reading, suggesting a later borrowing. Rarely used.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA^(key): [ko̞ːka̠]

Noun

公家 (hiragana こうか, rōmaji kōka)

(rare) the imperial court
(rare) the emperor and courtiers

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
公	家
こう Grade: 2	け Grade: 2
on’yomi

Mixed reading, using the kan'on for 公 and the go'on for 家. Rarely used.

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ko̞ːke̞]

Noun

公家 (hiragana こうけ, rōmaji kōke)

(rare) the imperial court
(rare) the emperor and courtiers

References

↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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[1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN