倥侗
Chinese
| ignorant; (ethnic group) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (倥侗) |
倥 | 侗 | |
| alt. forms | 空侗 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongtongr
- IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hung1 tung4
- Yale: hūng tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung1 tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: hung1 tung4
- IPA (key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 倥 | 侗 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦紅切 | 徒紅切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰuŋ/ | /duŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰuŋ/ | /duŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰuŋ/ | /duŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəwŋ/ | /dəwŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰuŋ/ | /duŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰuŋ/ | /duŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰuŋ/ | /dʱuŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kōng | tóng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 倥 | 侗 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 4042 | 12454 |
| Phonetic component |
工 | 同 |
| Rime group |
東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
空 | 同 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰoːŋ/ | /*doːŋ/ |
Adjective
倥侗
- (literary) ignorant
- 天降生民，倥侗顓蒙，恣乎情性，聰明不開。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
天降生民，倥侗颛蒙，恣乎情性，聪明不开。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Yang Xiong, Fayan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translation based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version
- Tiān jiàng shēng mín, kōngtóng zhuānméng, zì hū qíngxìng, cōngmíng bù kāi. [Pinyin]
- When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped.
-
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