jb

English

jb (plural jbs)

From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *lib (“heart”), cognate with Proto-Semitic *libb-.^[1]

m

heart
mind
- Papyrus Chester Beatty V, The Hymn to the Nile flood :
  (please add the primary text of this quote)
  smn mꜣꜥt m jbw rmṯ […]
  Truth is fixed in the minds of men […]
intention
- c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790):
  
  jb.j r nḥm kmt ḥ(w)t ꜥꜣmw
  My intention is to save Egypt and smite the Asiatics.
emotional state

Declension of jb (masculine)

Terms derived from jb

2-lit.

Conjugation of jb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: jb, geminated stem: jbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jb	jbw, jb	jbt	jb, j.jb	jb, j.jb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jb	ḥr jb	m jb	r jb

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jb.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jb	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jb	jbb, jbbj⁶, jb², jbw^{2 5}, jby^{2 5}
imperfective	j.jb¹, jb, jby, jbw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.jb¹, j.jbw^{1 5}, jb, jbj⁶, jby⁶	jb, jbw⁵
prospective	jb, jbtj⁷	—	jbtj⁴, jbt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jb

jb

Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 81, 166, 388, 456

1 2 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31

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