hof

See also: Hof, Hoff, and hóf

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Hof.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

  1. Enclosure, court, dwelling, building, house.
    • 1993 May, William, Trevor, Jake's Castle, in Harper's Magazine:
      Ulrike lived in a farm hof, and all around me were the dark blank fields punctuated by a few disparate lights.
    • 2009, Chloe Aridjis, Book of Clouds (New York: Black Cat, 1st edition):
      Like many old houses, this one had a front section, where I lived, and at the back an interior courtyard, the Hof, enclosed on all three sides by more apartments.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hóf, reinforced in modern (post-1990, chiefly neopagan) use by Icelandic hof (“shrine, temple”).

Pronunciation

  • enPR: hōf, IPA(key): /hoʊf/

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

  1. (Neopaganism) temple, sanctuary, hall.
    • 1996, Varg Vikernes, cited after Gardell, Gods of the Blood, 2003, p. 307.
      For each ten churches burned to ashes, one heathen hof is avenged.
    • 2005, Michael Strmiska, Modern Paganism In World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, p. 170.
      Asatruarfelagid lacks a central religious temple, or hof in Icelandic. Constructing a hof has been high on the members' wish list for many years.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Korean 호프 (hopeu), in turn from German Hofbräuhaus. In English, the spelling has been re-aligned with the Korean term's etymon.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

  1. A Korean-style bar or pub.
    • 2009, January 4, “Adam B. Ellick”, in In Queens: A Melting Pot, and a Closed Book‎:
      To the south are Korean spas, Korean barbecue joints and hofs, or Korean pubs.

Anagrams

Cimbrian

Noun

hof m (plural [please provide])

  1. garden

References

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hof, from Old Dutch hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ɔf
  • audio(file)

Noun

hof n (plural hoven, diminutive hofje n)

  1. (royal) court
  2. court of law; short form of gerechtshof
  3. court, yard

Derived terms

Noun

hof m (plural hoven, diminutive hofje n)

  1. garden (in Flanders)

Derived terms

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hɔːv/
  • Rhymes: -ɔːv

Noun

hof n (genitive singular hofs, nominative plural hof)

  1. temple

Declension

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hɔf/

Noun

hof n, m

  1. court, enclosed space
  2. garden
  3. farmstead
  4. castle (court of the nobility)

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • “hof”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “hof (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hof/

Noun

hof n (nominative plural hofu)

  1. house, dwelling, hovel
  2. court, hall, sanctuary

See also

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hoːf/

Noun

hōf m (nominative plural hōfas)

  1. a hoof
Declension
Descendants

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hufą (“hill, house, temple”).

Pronunciation

  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈhov/

Noun

hof n (genitive hofs, plural hof)

  1. temple, sanctuary
    • Vǫluspá, verse 7, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:
      […] þeir er hörg ok hof / hátimbruðu, […]
      […] they who shrines and temples / high timbered, […]
  2. a hall, court
    • Hymiskviða, verse 33, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 48:
      […] út or óru / ölkjól hofi. […]
      […] forth from our house / the cauldron here. […]
  3. a royal court

Usage notes

Old Norse makes the distinction between hof "a hall, a sanctuary with a roof" and hǫrgr "an altar, any cult site without a roof". The prevalent meaning of hof in Old Norse literature is "temple, sanctuary". Cleasby and Vigfússon (1874) note the generic meaning "a hall (as in German and Saxon)" in Hymiskviða 33 as a hapax legomenon. The meaning of "court" follows Middle High German and appears only from the 14th century and almost exclusively in compounds such as hof-ferð "pride, pomp", hof-garðr "lordly mansion", hof-fólk "courtiers".

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Faroese: hov n
  • Norwegian Bokmål: hoff n, hov n
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: hoff n, hov n
  • Icelandic: hof n
  • Swedish: hov n, hof n (Old Swedish hof n)

References

  • hof in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • hof in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
  • hof in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Noun

hof n

  1. dwelling, hovel, house
  2. court, hall

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.

Noun

hōf m

  1. a hoof

Swedish

Noun

hof n

  1. royal court; Obsolete spelling of hov
  2. hoof; Obsolete spelling of hov

Declension

Declension of hof 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative hof hofvet hof hofven
Genitive hofs hofvets hofs hofvens
Declension of hof 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative hof hofven hofvar hofvarna
Genitive hofs hofvens hofvars hofvarnas
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