guru

See also: Guru and gurú

English

WOTD – 21 June 2011

Alternative forms

  • goru [17th-19th c.]
  • gooroo [19th c.]

Etymology

From Hindi गुरू (gurū) / Urdu گرو‎ (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy" and in this sense cognate to English grieve. (A traditional etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16)[1] describes the syllables gu as 'darkness' and ru as 'destroyer', thus meaning "one who destroys/dispels darkness"). Doublet of grave, grief, brute.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɡʊɹuː/, /ˈɡuːɹuː/, /ɡʊˈɹuː/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/, /ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/, /ɡəˈɹu/

Noun

guru (plural gurus)

  1. A Hindu or Sikh spiritual teacher. [from 17th c.]
    • 1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, vol II:
      When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.
    • 2010, Wendy Shanker, The Guardian, 10 May 2010:
      Traditionally, a guru is a spiritual teacher who guides a student on the road to Enlightenment, or finding God.
  2. (sometimes humorous) An influential advisor or mentor. [from 20th c.]
    • 2004, ‘Vintage technology’, Time, 18 Oct 2004:
      Many oenophiles rely on the ratings and recommendations of wine guru Robert Parker when selecting the perfect bottle.

Derived terms

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

References

  1. ↑ “Advaya Taraka Upanishad(English Translation)”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎, accessed December 15, 2011

Czech

Noun

guru m

  1. guru (spiritual teacher)
  2. guru (leader or expert in a field)

Finnish

Noun

guru

  1. A guru

Declension

Inflection of guru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative guru gurut
genitive gurun gurujen
partitive gurua guruja
illative guruun guruihin
singular plural
nominative guru gurut
accusative nom. guru gurut
gen. gurun
genitive gurun gurujen
partitive gurua guruja
inessive gurussa guruissa
elative gurusta guruista
illative guruun guruihin
adessive gurulla guruilla
ablative gurulta guruilta
allative gurulle guruille
essive guruna guruina
translative guruksi guruiksi
instructive — guruin
abessive gurutta guruitta
comitative — guruineen

French

Noun

guru m (plural gurus)

  1. Alternative spelling of gourou

Hausa

Noun

gūr̃ū m (plural gūr̃ā̀yē, possessed form gūr̃un)

  1. A large leather belt, usually containing charms.

Hungarian

Etymology

From English guru, from Hindi गुरू (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “heavy”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɡuru]
  • Hyphenation: gu‧ru

Noun

guru (plural guruk)

  1. guru

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative guru guruk
accusative gurut gurukat
dative gurunak guruknak
instrumental guruval gurukkal
causal-final guruért gurukért
translative guruvá gurukká
terminative guruig gurukig
essive-formal guruként gurukként
essive-modal — —
inessive guruban gurukban
superessive gurun gurukon
adessive gurunál guruknál
illative guruba gurukba
sublative gurura gurukra
allative guruhoz gurukhoz
elative guruból gurukból
delative gururól gurukról
ablative gurutól guruktól
Possessive forms of guru
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. gurum guruim
2nd person sing. gurud guruid
3rd person sing. guruja gurui
1st person plural gurunk guruink
2nd person plural gurutok guruitok
3rd person plural gurujuk guruik

Indonesian

Noun

guru

  1. A teacher

Italian

Etymology

From Hindi गुरू (gurū, “teacher”)

Noun

guru m (invariable)

  1. A guru (religious or spiritual leader; influential person)

Latin

Noun

gurū

  1. ablative singular of gurus

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú)

Noun

guru (plural guru-guru)

  1. educator, teacher, instructor

Mapudungun

A red fox (Vulpes vulpes).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ŋʊʐʊ/

Noun

guru (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. A fox

Polish

Etymology

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú)

Noun

guru m (indecl)

  1. guru

Portuguese

Etymology

From Sanskrit गुरु (gurú, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy", from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɡu.ˈɾu/
  • Hyphenation: gu‧ru
  • Rhymes: -u

Noun

guru m (plural gurus)

  1. guru (spiritual teacher)

Noun

guru m, f (plural gurus)

  1. guru (advisor, mentor)

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

gȕru m (Cyrillic spelling гу̏ру)

  1. guru

Declension

Slovak

Etymology

From Hindi गुरू (guru) / Urdu گرو‎ (guru), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡu.ru/

Noun

guru m (genitive singular gurua, nominative plural guruovia, genitive plural guruov, declension pattern of chlap)

  1. guru

Declension

References

  • guru in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
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