gula
English
Etymology
Noun
- The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
- (zoology) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
- (architecture) A capping moulding; a cymatium.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for gula in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
Anagrams
Gamilaraay
Noun
gula
Hausa
Noun
gulā̀ f (plural gulōlī, possessed form gulàr̃)
- a kind of drumstick with a large head (for beating drums)
See also
- firya
- makaɗi
Icelandic
Etymology
From gulur (“yellow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʏːla/
- Rhymes: -ʏːla
Noun
gula f (genitive singular gulu, no plural)
Declension
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Noun
gula
Derived terms
- gula-gula
- bergula (“to contain sugar”)
- menggula
- menggulai (“to add sugar, to sugar”)
- pergulaan
- gula aren (“palm sugar”)
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”). Cognate with Old Armenian կուլ- (kul-), Russian глотка (glotka, “throat”), Persian گلو (“throat”), Urdu گلا (“throat”) and Kurdish gewrî, gerû (“throat”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡu.la/, [ˈɡʊ.ɫa]
Noun
gula f (genitive gulae); first declension
gulā f
- ablative singular of gula
Inflection
First declension.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | gula | gulae |
| genitive | gulae | gulārum |
| dative | gulae | gulīs |
| accusative | gulam | gulās |
| ablative | gulā | gulīs |
| vocative | gula | gulae |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- gula in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- gula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Malay
Etymology
From Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /ɡulə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /ɡula/
- Rhymes: -ulə, -lə, -ə
Noun
gula (Jawi spelling ݢولا, plural gula-gula)
- sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)
Synonyms
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈkula/
Verb
gula
- inflection of gullat:
- present indicative connegative
- second-person singular imperative
- imperative connegative
Portuguese
Etymology
Noun
gula f (plural gulas)
Related terms
- gulodice
- guloso
Rohingya
Noun
gula
Romansch
Etymology
From Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).
Noun
gula f (plural gulas)
Derived terms
- (Puter, Vallader) gulacotschen
- (Surmiran) gulard
Spanish
Etymology
Noun
gula f (plural gulas)
- gluttony (habit of eating in excess)
- gourmandizing
Synonyms
- (gluttony): glotonería
Related terms
Sundanese
Romanization
gula
- Romanization of ᮌᮥᮜ
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡʉː.la/
Adjective
gula
- absolute singular definite and plural form of gul.
Noun
gula c
- a yolk (the yellow of an egg)
Declension
| Declension of gula | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | gula | gulan | gulor | gulorna |
| Genitive | gulas | gulans | gulors | gulornas |
Synonyms
Xhosa
Verb
-gula
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-gula
Inflection
| Tone L | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ukugula | ||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| Infinitive | ukugula | ukungaguli | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
| Singular | gula | gule | |||||||
| Plural | gulani | guleni | |||||||
| Present | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyagula, ngigula | engigulayo, engigula | ngigula | angiguli | engingaguli | ngingaguli | |||
| 2nd singular | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | ugula | awuguli | ongaguli | ungaguli | |||
| 1st plural | siyagula, sigula | esigulayo, esigula | sigula | asiguli | esingaguli | singaguli | |||
| 2nd plural | niyagula, nigula | enigulayo, enigula | nigula | aniguli | eningaguli | ningaguli | |||
| Class 1 | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | egula | akaguli | ongaguli | engaguli | |||
| Class 2 | bayagula, bagula | abagulayo, abagula | begula | abaguli | abangaguli | bengaguli | |||
| Class 3 | uyagula, ugula | ogulayo, ogula | ugula | awuguli | ongaguli | ungaguli | |||
| Class 4 | iyagula, igula | egulayo, egula | igula | ayiguli | engaguli | ingaguli | |||
| Class 5 | liyagula, ligula | eligulayo, eligula | ligula | aliguli | elingaguli | lingaguli | |||
| Class 6 | ayagula, agula | agulayo, agula | egula | awaguli | angaguli | engaguli | |||
| Class 7 | siyagula, sigula | esigulayo, esigula | sigula | asiguli | esingaguli | singaguli | |||
| Class 8 | ziyagula, zigula | ezigulayo, ezigula | zigula | aziguli | ezingaguli | zingaguli | |||
| Class 9 | iyagula, igula | egulayo, egula | igula | ayiguli | engaguli | ingaguli | |||
| Class 10 | ziyagula, zigula | ezigulayo, ezigula | zigula | aziguli | ezingaguli | zingaguli | |||
| Class 11 | luyagula, lugula | olugulayo, olugula | lugula | aluguli | olungaguli | lungaguli | |||
| Class 14 | buyagula, bugula | obugulayo, obugula | bugula | abuguli | obungaguli | bungaguli | |||
| Class 15 | kuyagula, kugula | okugulayo, okugula | kugula | akuguli | okungaguli | kungaguli | |||
| Class 17 | kuyagula, kugula | okugulayo, okugula | kugula | akuguli | okungaguli | kungaguli | |||
| Recent past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngigulile, ngigulē | engigulile, engigulē | ngigulile, ngigulē | angigulanga | engingagulanga | ngingagulanga | |||
| 2nd singular | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | ugulile, ugulē | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
| 1st plural | sigulile, sigulē | esigulile, esigulē | sigulile, sigulē | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nigulile, nigulē | enigulile, enigulē | nigulile, nigulē | anigulanga | eningagulanga | ningagulanga | |||
| Class 1 | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | egulile, egulē | akagulanga | ongagulanga | engagulanga | |||
| Class 2 | bagulile, bagulē | abagulile, abagulē | begulile, begulē | abagulanga | abangagulanga | bengagulanga | |||
| Class 3 | ugulile, ugulē | ogulile, ogulē | ugulile, ugulē | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
| Class 4 | igulile, igulē | egulile, egulē | igulile, igulē | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
| Class 5 | ligulile, ligulē | eligulile, eligulē | ligulile, ligulē | aligulanga | elingagulanga | lingagulanga | |||
| Class 6 | agulile, agulē | agulile, agulē | egulile, egulē | awagulanga | angagulanga | engagulanga | |||
| Class 7 | sigulile, sigulē | esigulile, esigulē | sigulile, sigulē | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
| Class 8 | zigulile, zigulē | ezigulile, ezigulē | zigulile, zigulē | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
| Class 9 | igulile, igulē | egulile, egulē | igulile, igulē | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
| Class 10 | zigulile, zigulē | ezigulile, ezigulē | zigulile, zigulē | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
| Class 11 | lugulile, lugulē | olugulile, olugulē | lugulile, lugulē | alugulanga | olungagulanga | lungagulanga | |||
| Class 14 | bugulile, bugulē | obugulile, obugulē | bugulile, bugulē | abugulanga | obungagulanga | bungagulanga | |||
| Class 15 | kugulile, kugulē | okugulile, okugulē | kugulile, kugulē | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
| Class 17 | kugulile, kugulē | okugulile, okugulē | kugulile, kugulē | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
| Remote past | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngāgula | engāgula | ngāgula | angigulanga | engingagulanga | ngingagulanga | |||
| 2nd singular | wāgula | owāgula | wāgula | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
| 1st plural | sāgula | esāgula | sāgula | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
| 2nd plural | nāgula | enāgula | nāgula | anigulanga | eningagulanga | ningagulanga | |||
| Class 1 | wāgula | owāgula | āgula | akagulanga | ongagulanga | engagulanga | |||
| Class 2 | bāgula | abāgula | bāgula | abagulanga | abangagulanga | bengagulanga | |||
| Class 3 | wāgula | owāgula | wāgula | awugulanga | ongagulanga | ungagulanga | |||
| Class 4 | yāgula | eyāgula | yāgula | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
| Class 5 | lāgula | elāgula | lāgula | aligulanga | elingagulanga | lingagulanga | |||
| Class 6 | āgula | āgula | āgula | awagulanga | angagulanga | engagulanga | |||
| Class 7 | sāgula | esāgula | sāgula | asigulanga | esingagulanga | singagulanga | |||
| Class 8 | zāgula | ezāgula | zāgula | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
| Class 9 | yāgula | eyāgula | yāgula | ayigulanga | engagulanga | ingagulanga | |||
| Class 10 | zāgula | ezāgula | zāgula | azigulanga | ezingagulanga | zingagulanga | |||
| Class 11 | lwāgula | olwāgula | lwāgula | alugulanga | olungagulanga | lungagulanga | |||
| Class 14 | bāgula | obāgula | bāgula | abugulanga | obungagulanga | bungagulanga | |||
| Class 15 | kwāgula | okwāgula | kwāgula | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
| Class 17 | kwāgula | okwāgula | kwāgula | akugulanga | okungagulanga | kungagulanga | |||
| Potential | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngingagula | — | ngingagula | ngingegule | — | ngingegule | |||
| 2nd singular | ungagula | — | ungagula | ungegule | — | ungegule | |||
| 1st plural | singagula | — | singagula | singegule | — | singegule | |||
| 2nd plural | ningagula | — | ningagula | ningegule | — | ningegule | |||
| Class 1 | angagula | — | engagula | angegule | — | engegule | |||
| Class 2 | bangagula | — | bengagula | bangegule | — | bengegule | |||
| Class 3 | ungagula | — | ungagula | ungegule | — | ungegule | |||
| Class 4 | ingagula | — | ingagula | ingegule | — | ingegule | |||
| Class 5 | lingagula | — | lingagula | lingegule | — | lingegule | |||
| Class 6 | angagula | — | engagula | angegule | — | engegule | |||
| Class 7 | singagula | — | singagula | singegule | — | singegule | |||
| Class 8 | zingagula | — | zingagula | zingegule | — | zingegule | |||
| Class 9 | ingagula | — | ingagula | ingegule | — | ingegule | |||
| Class 10 | zingagula | — | zingagula | zingegule | — | zingegule | |||
| Class 11 | lungagula | — | lungagula | lungegule | — | lungegule | |||
| Class 14 | bungagula | — | bungagula | bungegule | — | bungegule | |||
| Class 15 | kungagula | — | kungagula | kungegule | — | kungegule | |||
| Class 17 | kungagula | — | kungagula | kungegule | — | kungegule | |||
| Immediate future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngizogula | engizogula | ngizogula | angizugula | — | ngingezugula | |||
| 2nd singular | uzogula | ozogula | uzogula | awuzugula | — | ungezugula | |||
| 1st plural | sizogula | esizogula | sizogula | asizugula | — | singezugula | |||
| 2nd plural | nizogula | enizogula | nizogula | anizugula | — | ningezugula | |||
| Class 1 | uzogula | ozogula | ezogula | akazugula | — | engezugula | |||
| Class 2 | bazogula | abazogula | bezogula | abazugula | — | bengezugula | |||
| Class 3 | uzogula | ozogula | uzogula | awuzugula | — | ungezugula | |||
| Class 4 | izogula | ezogula | izogula | ayizugula | — | ingezugula | |||
| Class 5 | lizogula | elizogula | lizogula | alizugula | — | lingezugula | |||
| Class 6 | azogula | azogula | ezogula | awazugula | — | engezugula | |||
| Class 7 | sizogula | esizogula | sizogula | asizugula | — | singezugula | |||
| Class 8 | zizogula | ezizogula | zizogula | azizugula | — | zingezugula | |||
| Class 9 | izogula | ezogula | izogula | ayizugula | — | ingezugula | |||
| Class 10 | zizogula | ezizogula | zizogula | azizugula | — | zingezugula | |||
| Class 11 | luzogula | oluzogula | luzogula | aluzugula | — | lungezugula | |||
| Class 14 | buzogula | obuzogula | buzogula | abuzugula | — | bungezugula | |||
| Class 15 | kuzogula | okuzogula | kuzogula | akuzugula | — | kungezugula | |||
| Class 17 | kuzogula | okuzogula | kuzogula | akuzugula | — | kungezugula | |||
| Remote future | |||||||||
| Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
| 1st singular | ngiyogula | engiyogula | ngiyogula | angiyugula | — | ngingeyugula | |||
| 2nd singular | uyogula | oyogula | uyogula | awuyugula | — | ungeyugula | |||
| 1st plural | siyogula | esiyogula | siyogula | asiyugula | — | singeyugula | |||
| 2nd plural | niyogula | eniyogula | niyogula | aniyugula | — | ningeyugula | |||
| Class 1 | uyogula | oyogula | eyogula | akayugula | — | engeyugula | |||
| Class 2 | bayogula | abayogula | beyogula | abayugula | — | bengeyugula | |||
| Class 3 | uyogula | oyogula | uyogula | awuyugula | — | ungeyugula | |||
| Class 4 | iyogula | eyogula | iyogula | ayiyugula | — | ingeyugula | |||
| Class 5 | liyogula | eliyogula | liyogula | aliyugula | — | lingeyugula | |||
| Class 6 | ayogula | ayogula | eyogula | awayugula | — | engeyugula | |||
| Class 7 | siyogula | esiyogula | siyogula | asiyugula | — | singeyugula | |||
| Class 8 | ziyogula | eziyogula | ziyogula | aziyugula | — | zingeyugula | |||
| Class 9 | iyogula | eyogula | iyogula | ayiyugula | — | ingeyugula | |||
| Class 10 | ziyogula | eziyogula | ziyogula | aziyugula | — | zingeyugula | |||
| Class 11 | luyogula | oluyogula | luyogula | aluyugula | — | lungeyugula | |||
| Class 14 | buyogula | obuyogula | buyogula | abuyugula | — | bungeyugula | |||
| Class 15 | kuyogula | okuyogula | kuyogula | akuyugula | — | kungeyugula | |||
| Class 17 | kuyogula | okuyogula | kuyogula | akuyugula | — | kungeyugula | |||
| Present subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngigule | ngingaguli | |||||||
| 2nd singular | ugule | ungaguli | |||||||
| 1st plural | sigule | singaguli | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nigule | ningaguli | |||||||
| Class 1 | agule | angaguli | |||||||
| Class 2 | bagule | bangaguli | |||||||
| Class 3 | ugule | ungaguli | |||||||
| Class 4 | igule | ingaguli | |||||||
| Class 5 | ligule | lingaguli | |||||||
| Class 6 | agule | angaguli | |||||||
| Class 7 | sigule | singaguli | |||||||
| Class 8 | zigule | zingaguli | |||||||
| Class 9 | igule | ingaguli | |||||||
| Class 10 | zigule | zingaguli | |||||||
| Class 11 | lugule | lungaguli | |||||||
| Class 14 | bugule | bungaguli | |||||||
| Class 15 | kugule | kungaguli | |||||||
| Class 17 | kugule | kungaguli | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||
| 1st singular | ngagula | angigula | |||||||
| 2nd singular | wagula | awugula | |||||||
| 1st plural | sagula | asigula | |||||||
| 2nd plural | nagula | anigula | |||||||
| Class 1 | wagula | akagula | |||||||
| Class 2 | bagula | abagula | |||||||
| Class 3 | wagula | awugula | |||||||
| Class 4 | yagula | ayigula | |||||||
| Class 5 | lagula | aligula | |||||||
| Class 6 | agula | awagula | |||||||
| Class 7 | sagula | asigula | |||||||
| Class 8 | zagula | azigula | |||||||
| Class 9 | yagula | ayigula | |||||||
| Class 10 | zagula | azigula | |||||||
| Class 11 | lwagula | alugula | |||||||
| Class 14 | bagula | abugula | |||||||
| Class 15 | kwagula | akugula | |||||||
| Class 17 | kwagula | akugula | |||||||
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gula (6.3)”