druid
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French druide, from Old French [Term?], via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish [Term?]. The earliest record of the term in Latin is in Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). It is understood that the Latin form is a borrowing from Gaulish [Term?]. The word is cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”). The proto-Celtic word may be *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/
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Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -uːɪd
Noun
druid (plural druids)
- One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
Usage notes
- Often capitalized: Druid.
Derived terms
Translations
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Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d̪ˠɾˠɪdʲ/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.
Noun
druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna)
Declension
Second declension
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Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Alternative forms
- druideog f
Etymology 2
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb
druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte)
Conjugation
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | druidim | druideann tú; druidir† |
druideann sé, sí | druidimid | druideann sibh | druideann siad; druidid† |
a dhruideann; a dhruideas / a ndruideann*; a ndruideas* |
druidtear |
| past | dhruid mé; dhruideas | dhruid tú; dhruidis | dhruid sé, sí | dhruideamar; dhruid muid | dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair | dhruid siad; dhruideadar | a dhruid / ar dhruid* |
druideadh | |
| past habitual | dhruidinn | dhruidteá | dhruideadh sé, sí | dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid | dhruideadh sibh | dhruididís; dhruideadh siad | a dhruideadh / ar dhruideadh* |
dhruidtí | |
| future | druidfidh mé; druidfead |
druidfidh tú; druidfir† |
druidfidh sé, sí | druidfimid; druidfidh muid |
druidfidh sibh | druidfidh siad; druidfid† |
a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas / a ndruidfidh*; a ndruidfeas* |
druidfear | |
| conditional | dhruidfinn | dhruidfeá | dhruidfeadh sé, sí | dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid | dhruidfeadh sibh | dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad | a dhruidfeadh / ar dhruidfeadh* |
dhruidfí | |
| subjunctive | present | go ndruide mé; go ndruidead† |
go ndruide tú; go ndruidir† |
go ndruide sé, sí | go ndruidimid; go ndruide muid |
go ndruide sibh | go ndruide siad; go ndruidid† |
— | go ndruidtear |
| past | dá ndruidinn | dá ndruidteá | dá ndruideadh sé, sí | dá ndruidimis; dá ndruideadh muid |
dá ndruideadh sibh | dá ndruididís; dá ndruideadh siad |
— | dá ndruidtí | |
| imperative | druidim | druid | druideadh sé, sí | druidimis | druidigí; druididh† |
druididís | — | druidtear | |
| verbal noun | druidim | ||||||||
| past participle | druidte | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
Etymology 3
Noun
druid m
- genitive singular of drud
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| druid | dhruid | ndruid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- "druid" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- “truit” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “druitid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology 1
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”).
Noun
Etymology 2
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb
druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)
Alternative forms
- truid
Mutation
| Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition |
| druid | dhruid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |
References
- Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- “truit” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “druitid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.