鍛冶

See also: 锻冶

Chinese

		forge; wrought; to discipline	smelt
trad. (鍛冶)		鍛	冶
simp. (锻冶)		锻	冶

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duànyě

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄧㄝˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun³ je⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: duànyě
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄧㄝˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duannyyie
  - IPA ^(key): /tu̯a̠n⁵¹ i̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: dyun³ je⁵
  - Yale: dyun yéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dyn³ je⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: dün³ yé⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /tyːn³³ jɛː¹³/

Verb

鍛冶

to forge and smelt (metal)
(figuratively) to steel oneself or to measure one's words

Derived terms

鍛冶屋／锻冶屋

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鍛	冶
Grade: S	Grade: S
Irregular

/kanauchi/ → /kanuchi/

From Old Japanese. Contraction of older compound 金 (kana, “metal”, ancient combining form) +‎ 打ち (uchi, “striking, striker”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 打つ utsu, “to hit, to strike”).

The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 鍛冶.

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- IPA^(key): [ka̠nɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕi]

Noun

鍛冶 (hiragana かぬち, rōmaji kanuchi)

smithing
a metalsmith, a smith
short for 鍛冶司 (かぬちづかさ) (kanuchizukasa), the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan

Synonyms

(smith): 鍛 (か)冶 (じ)屋 (や) (kajiya)

Derived terms

鍛冶司 (かぬちづかさ) (kanuchizukasa): the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan
鍛冶部 (かぬちべ) (kanuchibe): the imperial smith in ancient Japan, superseded by the office of kanuchizukasa when the Ritsuryō system was promulgated; under the Ritsuryō system, a junior smith working under the kanuchizukasa

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鍛	冶
Grade: S	Grade: S
Irregular

/kanuchi/ → /kanji/ → /kaji/

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) かじ [káꜜjì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ka̠ʑi]

Noun

鍛冶 (hiragana かじ, rōmaji kaji, historical hiragana かぢ)

smithing
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)の神 (かみ)、パーフォロス
Kaji no Kami, Pāforosu
Purphoros, God of the Forge
a metalsmith, a smith
short for 鍛 (か)冶 (じ)の司 (つかさ) (kaji no tsukasa), the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan.

Synonyms

(smith): 鍛 (か)冶 (じ)屋 (や) (kajiya)

Derived terms

鍛 (か)冶 (じ)神 (しん) (Kajishin): the Japanese god of the forge, metalcraft, and blacksmithing
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)の司 (つかさ) (kaji no tsukasa): the official imperial court metalsmith or overseer of metalsmiths in the Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)屋 (や) (kajiya): a metalsmith; a metalsmith's house or shop; a crowbar for removing nails
鍛冶橋狩野 (かじばしかのう) (Kajibashi Kanō): one of the four Kanō schools in the Edo Period, founded by Kanō Tan'yū
鍛冶橋門 (かじばしもん) (Kajibashi Mon): one of the gates in the Edo city walls
鍛冶始 (かじはじめ) (kajihajime): the first smithing work of the year
鍛冶匠 (かじたくみ) (kajitakumi): a professional smith, a master smith
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)場 (ば) (kajiba): a smithy, a forge
鍛冶炭 (かじずみ) (kajizumi): soft charcoal used for smithing
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)町 (ちょう) (Kajichō): a place in Chiyoda, Tokyo, from land gifted to noted smiths in the Edo Period
鍛冶被 (かじかぶり) (kajikaburi): a cleaning cloth folded in half twice and worn on the head by a smith while working
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)者 (しゃ) (kajisha): a smith (rare)
鍛 (か)冶 (じ)師 (し) (kajishi): a smith

Idioms

鍛 (か)冶 (じ)の明日 (あした)に紺 (こん)屋 (や)の明 (あ)後 (さっ)日 (て) (kaji no ashita ni kon'ya no asatte): "a smith's tomorrow, but a dyer's day after tomorrow": a metaphor for someone who makes promises easily but always breaks them

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
鍛	冶
たん Grade: S	や Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 鍛冶 (MC tuɑn^H jia^X, literally “to forge + to fuse (metals)”). Compare modern Mandarin 锻冶 (duànyě).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- IPA^(key): [tã̠ɰ̃ja̠]

Noun

鍛冶 (hiragana たんや, rōmaji tan'ya)

smithing
a metalsmith, a smith

Verb

鍛冶する (hiragana たんやする, rōmaji tan'ya suru)

to smith

Conjugation

Conjugation of "鍛冶する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	鍛冶し	たんやし	tan'ya shi
Continuative (連用形)	鍛冶し	たんやし	tan'ya shi
Terminal (終止形)	鍛冶する	たんやする	tan'ya suru
Attributive (連体形)	鍛冶する	たんやする	tan'ya suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	鍛冶すれ	たんやすれ	tan'ya sure
Imperative (命令形)	鍛冶せよ¹ 鍛冶しろ²	たんやせよ¹ たんやしろ²	tan'ya seyo¹ tan'ya shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	鍛冶される	たんやされる	tan'ya sareru
Causative	鍛冶させる鍛冶さす	たんやさせるたんやさす	tan'ya saseru tan'ya sasu
Potential	鍛冶できる	たんやできる	tan'ya dekiru
Volitional	鍛冶しよう	たんやしよう	tan'ya shiyō
Negative	鍛冶しない	たんやしない	tan'ya shinai
Negative continuative	鍛冶せず	たんやせず	tan'ya sezu
Formal	鍛冶します	たんやします	tan'ya shimasu
Perfective	鍛冶した	たんやした	tan'ya shita
Conjunctive	鍛冶して	たんやして	tan'ya shite
Hypothetical conditional	鍛冶すれば	たんやすれば	tan'ya sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN