確

See also: 确

確	U+78BA, 確 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BA

← 碹
[U+78B9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

碻 →
[U+78BB]

Translingual

Han character

確 (radical 112 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口人月土 (MROBG), four-corner 1461₄, composition ⿰石隺)

Derived characters

𡃜, 𮣞

References

KangXi: page 833, character 31

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24366

Dae Jaweon: page 1250, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2450, character 4

Unihan data for U+78BA

Chinese

trad.		確
simp.		确^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (寉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
鶴	*ɡloːwɢ
髉	*pqroːwɢ
篧	skroːwɢ, sɡroːwɢ
榷	*kroːwɢ
搉	kroːwɢ, kroːwɢ, *kʰroːwɢ
傕	*kroːwɢ
確	*kʰroːwɢ
寉	*ɡluːwɢ
蒮	*luwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰroːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 寉 (OC *ɡluːwɢ) – rock-solid, as certain as a rock.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): què (que⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kok³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khok
Min Bei (KCR): kŏ̤
Min Dong (BUC): káuk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khak

(Teochew, Peng'im): kag⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): qiaq (T4); khoq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: què
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'üeh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥ̯œ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kok³
  - Yale: kok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kog³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
  - Hakka Romanization System: kog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kog⁵
  - IPA: /kʰok̚²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŏ̤
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɔ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: káuk
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɑuʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
  - Tâi-lô: khak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰak̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: qiaq (T4); khoq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰia̱ʔ⁵⁵/, /kʰʊʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 確
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyo⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰio²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰio³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɔʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰo⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰo²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰo²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰok̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰɔuʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰˠʌk̚/▼

Rime
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤrawk/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˤrawk/
English	solid, firm
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
No.	5100
Phonetic component	寉
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	㱿
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːwɢ/

Definitions

確

sure; certain
real; true

Compounds

丁一確二／丁一确二
不確／不确
千真萬確／千真万确 (qiānzhēnwànquè)
明確／明确 (míngquè)
正確／正确 (zhèngquè)
準確／准确 (zhǔnquè)
準確度／准确度 (zhǔnquèdù)
的一確二／的一确二
的確／的确 (díquè)
真確／真确 (zhēnquè)

確乎／确乎
確保／确保 (quèbǎo)
確信／确信 (quèxìn)
確切／确切 (quèqiè)
確定／确定 (quèdìng)
確定判決／确定判决
確定故意／确定故意
確實／确实 (quèshí)
確有其事／确有其事

確當／确当
確知／确知
確立／确立 (quèlì)
確認／确认 (quèrèn)
確論／确论
確證／确证
確鑿／确凿 (quèzáo)
精確／精确 (jīngquè)
詳確／详确

Japanese

Kanji

確

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

certain

Readings

Goon: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
Kan’on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
Kun: たしか (tashika, 確か, Jōyō); たしかめる (tashikameru, 確かめる, Jōyō)

Compounds

確認 (かくにん) (kakunin): confirmation, to confirm

Korean

Hanja

確 • (hwak) (hangeul 확, revised hwak, McCune–Reischauer hwak, Yale hwak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

確 (xác, xạc)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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