涵

涵	U+6DB5, 涵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DB5

← 涴
[U+6DB4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

涶 →
[U+6DB6]

Translingual

Han character

涵 (radical 85 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水弓山水 (ENUE), four-corner 3117₂, composition ⿰氵函)

References

KangXi: page 628, character 13

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17595

Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1665, character 4

Unihan data for U+6DB5

Chinese

simp. and trad.		涵

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 涵
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (函) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蜬	kuːm, ɡuːm
函	ɡuːm, ɡruːm
涵	ɡuːm, ɡuːmʔ
顄	ɡuːm, ɡuːmʔ
圅	*ɡuːm
菡	*ɡuːmʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hán (han²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴
Min Nan (POJ): âm / âⁿ / hâm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hán
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: han²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
  - IPA ^(key): /xa̠n³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁴
  - Yale: hàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /hɑːm²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âm
  - Tâi-lô: âm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aam
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /am¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /am²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /am²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: ânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: vaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ã¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /ã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
  - Tâi-lô: hâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ham²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/

Note:

âm/âⁿ - vernacular;
hâm - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ɦʌm/, /ɦʌm^X/▼

Rime
Character	涵	涵
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡男切	胡感切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌm/	/ɦʌm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəm/	/ɦəm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɒm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəm/	/ɦəm^X/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀm/	/ɣᴀm^X/
Wang Li	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɒm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm/	/ɣăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán	hàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[o]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːm/, /*ɡuːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	涵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ hom ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˤ[o]m/
English	soak, overflow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	涵	涵
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4862	4867
Phonetic component	函	函
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	含	頷
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːm/	/*ɡuːmʔ/

Definitions

涵

to soak; to wet
to tolerate; to forgive; to be lenient
to immerse
a culvert
Alternative form of 含 (“to contain, to bear”).

Compounds

內涵／内涵 (nèihán)
包涵 (bāohán)
包涵兒／包涵儿
海涵 (hǎihán)
涵化
涵咀
涵容
涵泳

涵洞 (hándòng)
涵淹
涵濡
涵煦
涵管
涵義／涵义 (hányì)
涵蓄

涵蓋／涵盖 (hángài)
涵虛／涵虚
涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
渾涵／浑涵
箱涵
茹古涵今
蘊涵／蕴涵

Japanese

Kanji

涵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)
Kun: ひたす (hitasu, 涵す)

Korean

Hanja

涵 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

Hán Việt: hàm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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