流形

Chinese

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape
simp. and trad. (流形)		流	形

Etymology

manifold: Coined by Jiang Zehan in 1938.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liúxíng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liúxíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioushyng
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /lɨu ɦeŋ/▼

Rime
Character	流	形
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	力求切	戸經切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/ɦeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/ɦeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/ɣɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/ɦɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/liu/	/ɣeŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/ɣieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/ɣieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	xíng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter-Sagart): /*ru [ɢ]ˤeŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ru ɡeːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	流	形
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›	‹ heng ›
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*[ɢ]ˤeŋ/
English	flow (v.)	form, shape
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	流	形
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8335	6862
Phonetic component	流	井
Rime group	幽	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	劉	㓝
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*ɡeːŋ/
Notes	或爲毓省聲

Noun

流形

(geometry) manifold
(literary) things of different and changing shape; everything

Noun

流形

(literary) (of things) to change and take shape

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