曆

See also: 暦 and 历

曆	U+66C6, 曆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66C6

← 曅
[U+66C5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

曇 →
[U+66C7]

Translingual

Traditional	曆
Shinjitai	暦
Simplified	历

Han character

曆 (radical 72, 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木日 (MHDA) or 一木日 (MDA), four-corner 7126₉, composition ⿸厤日)

Related characters

歷, 磿

References

KangXi: page 500, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14171

Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1536, character 2

Unihan data for U+66C6

Chinese

trad.		曆
simp.		历^*
alt. forms		暦𢍷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (秝) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
秝	*reːɡ
歷	*reːɡ
曆	*reːɡ
磿	*reːɡ
靂	*reːɡ
癧	*reːɡ
櫪	*reːɡ
藶	*reːɡ
瀝	*reːɡ
攊	*reːɡ
厤	*reːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ) + semantic 日 (“sun; day”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lik⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): la̍k
Min Nan (POJ): la̍h / lia̍k / le̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lik⁶
  - Yale: lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lig⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: lag
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lag⁶
  - IPA: /lak̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h
  - Tâi-lô: la̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lah
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /laʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/

Note:

la̍h - vernacular;
lia̍k/le̍k - literary.

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 曆
Mandarin	Beijing	/li⁵¹/
	Harbin	/li⁵³/
	Tianjin	/li⁵³/
	Jinan	/li²¹/
	Qingdao	/li⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/li²⁴/
	Xi'an	/li²¹/ 曆書 /li⁴⁴/ ～史
	Xining	/l̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/li¹³/
	Lanzhou	/li¹³/
	Ürümqi	/li²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ni³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/li³¹/
	Nanjing	/li⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/liəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/li²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/le¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/li²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ni²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lit̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lek̚²/
	Nanning	/lek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/liʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/li²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/leʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lek̚³/

Middle Chinese: /lek̚/▼

Rime
Character	曆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎擊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*reːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤek/
English	calculate (astronomically)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曆
Reading #	1/1
No.	7981
Phonetic component	秝
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靂
Old Chinese	/*reːɡ/

Definitions

曆

calendar

Compounds

三統曆／三统历
儒略曆／儒略历 (rúlüèlì)
公曆／公历 (gōnglì)
四分曆／四分历
回回曆／回回历 (Huíhuilì)
回曆／回历 (Huílì)
國曆／国历
埃及曆／埃及历
夏曆／夏历 (xiàlì)
大明曆／大明历
大曆／大历
太初曆／太初历
太陰曆／太阴历
太陽曆／太阳历
學曆／学历
官曆／官历
寶曆／宝历
巧曆／巧历
年曆／年历
律曆志／律历志
慶曆／庆历
新曆／新历 (xīnlì)
日曆／日历 (rìlì)
日曆年度／日历年度

星曆／星历
星曆錶／星历表
曆元／历元 (lìyuán)
曆命／历命
曆始／历始
曆室／历室
曆尾／历尾
曆數／历数 (lìshù)
曆日／历日 (lìrì)
曆書／历书 (lìshū)
曆本／历本
曆法／历法 (lìfǎ)
曆紀／历纪
曆象／历象
曆象表／历象表
曆頭／历头
月曆／月历 (yuèlì)
朱理安曆／朱理安历
格里曆／格里历 (Gélǐlì)
桌曆／桌历
檯曆／台历
玉曆／玉历
百花曆／百花历

算曆／算历
老皇曆／老皇历
舊曆／旧历 (jiùlì)
舊曆年／旧历年
舊皇曆／旧皇历
航海曆／航海历
萬年曆／万年历
萬曆／万历
藏曆／藏历
行事曆／行事历 (xíngshìlì)
西曆／西历 (xīlì)
西曆紀元／西历纪元
農曆／农历 (nónglì)
農曆年／农历年
農民曆／农民历
通曆／通历
長曆／长历
陰曆／阴历 (yīnlì)
陰陽合曆／阴阳合历
陰陽曆／阴阳历
陽曆／阳历 (yánglì)
額我略曆／额我略历
黃曆／黄历

Japanese

Shinjitai	暦
Kyūjitai	曆

Kanji

曆

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

calendar
era

Readings

On (unclassified): れき (reki)
Kun: こよみ (koyomi, 曆)

Korean

Hanja

曆 • (ryeok>yeok) (hangeul 력>역, revised ryeok>yeok, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk>yŏk, Yale lyek>yek)

book calendar
calendar

Vietnamese

Han character

曆 (lịch, rếch, rích, rịch)

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