憲

See also: 宪

憲	U+61B2, 憲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B2

← 憱
[U+61B1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憳 →
[U+61B3]

Translingual

Han character

憲 (radical 61 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十手一心 (JQMP), four-corner 3033₆, composition ⿱𡩜心)

References

KangXi: page 404, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11269

Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 17

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2351, character 9

Unihan data for U+61B2

Chinese

trad.		憲
simp.		宪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
轄	kʰaːds, ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	kreːd, kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hién / hián
Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̿ing
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hin³
  - Yale: hin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin³
  - IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hién
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
  - IPA: /hi̯en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hián
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
  - IPA: /hi̯an³¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̿ing
  - IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng
  - IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ²¹³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 憲
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɪ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hian³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hin³³/
	Nanning	/hin³³/
	Hong Kong	/hin³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyɔŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /hɨɐn^H/▼

Rime
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許建切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨan^H/
Li Rong	/xiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/xĭɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰar/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/qʰar/ (~ qʰar-s)
English	law; model; rule
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
No.	4849
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	獻
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/

Definitions

憲

(pre-modern usage) law
Short for 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ, “constitution”).

Compounds

合憲／合宪
憲一／宪一
憲三／宪三
憲人／宪人

憲伸／宪伸
憲兵／宪兵 (xiànbīng)
憲司／宪司
憲子／宪子

憲政／宪政 (xiànzhèng)
柱憲／柱宪
立憲／立宪 (lìxiàn)
違憲／违宪 (wéixiàn)

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #11672”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

憲

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

constitution; basic law

Readings

Goon: こん (kon)
Kan’on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: のり (nori, 憲); おきて (okite)

Compounds

違憲
改憲
家憲
官憲
憲法
憲兵
国憲
合憲
護憲
朝憲
立憲

Korean

Hanja

憲 • (heon) (hangeul 헌, revised heon, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, Yale hen)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

憲 (hiến)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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