八荒

Chinese

eight out of practice; uncultivated
simp. and trad.
(八荒)		 八 荒

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 八 荒 荒
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75) 唐 (102) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed Closed
Division (等) II I I
Fanqie 博拔切 呼光切 呼浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠɛt̚/ /hwɑŋ/ /hwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚæt̚/ /hʷɑŋ/ /hʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pæt̚/ /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pəɨt̚/ /hwaŋ/ /hwaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /pɛt̚/ /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /pæt̚/ /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pat̚/ /xwɑŋ/ /xwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ba huāng huàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八 荒
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bā huāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pɛt › ‹ xwang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤret/ /*m̥ˤaŋ/
English eight wasteland; uncultivated land

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八 荒 荒
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 89 12649 12659
Phonetic
component		 八 亡 亡
Rime
group		 月 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 2 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 八 荒 荒
Old
Chinese		 /*preːd/ /*hmaːŋ/ /*hmaːŋs/

Noun

八荒

  1. places that are remote and faraway
  2. (figuratively) the world; everything under the sky; all under heaven

Japanese

Kanji in this term
八 荒
はち > はっ
Grade: 1		 こう
Grade: S

Etymology

/hakkwau/ > /hakkwoː/ > /hakkoː/. Literally the eight corners of the land. The eight corners are in the north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and is a reference to the land as a whole.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hakkoː/

Noun

八荒 (hiragana はっこう, rōmaji hakkō, historical hiragana はっくゎう)

  1. the eight corners of the earth
  2. the world as a whole

See also

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