برج

See also: ترخ‎, ترح‎, and ترج‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), from burg in Middle Persian, or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos) which may be an ancient borrowing from Proto-Germanic *burgz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fortified elevation”), then the English words borough and burg, German Burg and Berg, Dutch burg and others.

Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos) is first attested in Homer's Iliad 7.206. Believed to be a borrowed word, probably from Urartian [script needed] (burgana, “palace, fortress”); compare also Old Armenian բուրգն (burgn, “pyramid”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg (English borough). Kretschmer suggested a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *burg- (“fortified town, hill-fort”) mediated through some Northern Balkan language (Macedonian?). However, according to Beekes the abundance of Pre-Greek placenames (e.g. Πέργαμον (Pérgamon)) seems to indicate a Pre-Greek origin.(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /burd͡ʒ/

Noun

بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان‎ (burjān), plural بُرُوج‎ (burūj) or أَبْرَاج‎ (ʾabrāj))

  1. castle
  2. citadel
  3. tower
    بُرْج خَلِيفَة‎ (burj ḵalīfa, “Khalifa Tower”) (dialect: borǰ khalīfa), initially named بُرْج دُبَيّ‎ (burj dubayy, “Dubai Tower”).
  4. constellation
  5. spire
  6. asterism
  7. zodiac
  8. sign of the zodiac
Declension
Synonyms
Descendants
References
  • Lane, Edward William (1863), “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
  • "Burg" in D. N. MacKenzie (1986), A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ba.ri.d͡ʒa/

Verb

بَرِجَ • (barija) I, non-past يَبْرَجُ‎‎ (yabraju)

  1. to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
  2. to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
  3. (of one's condition) to become ample in respect of eating and drinking
Conjugation

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ba.rad͡ʒ/

Noun

بَرَج • (baraj) m

  1. verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)
Declension

Azerbaijani

Noun

برج (bürc)

  1. Alternative spelling of بۆرج‎

Kurdish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج‎ (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز‎ (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

برج • (birc) ?

  1. tower
  2. constellation
  3. zodiac

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج‎ (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

برج • (burc)

  1. tower
  2. constellation
  3. zodiac
  4. sign of the zodiac

Descendants

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج‎ (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز‎ (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /brad͡ʒ/

Noun

برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه‎ (brajuna))

  1. tower

Declension

Persian

Etymology

Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian burg, or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز‎ (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.

Noun

برج • (borj) (plural برج‌ها‎ (borj-hâ) or بروج‎)

Dari Persian برج‎
Iranian Persian برج‎
Tajiki Persian бурҷ (burj)
  1. steeple
  2. tower
  3. pylon
  4. column
  5. peel, keep
  6. fort, castle
  7. pinnacle
  8. dovecote
  9. star
  10. constellation
  11. zodiac
  12. sign of the zodiac

Derived terms

  • برجی‎ (borji)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج‎ (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

برج • (burj) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬੁਰਜ)

  1. bastion
  2. tower
  3. turret
  4. constellation
  5. sign of the zodiac

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج‎ (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).

Noun

برج • (burj) m (Hindi spelling बुर्ज)

  1. bastion
  2. tower
  3. turret
  4. constellation
  5. sign of the zodiac
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