κρύος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Latin crusta, but there are semantic problems with this connection. Also compare Tocharian B kuraś, Latvian kruvesis, and Old High German hroso. Also see κρύσταλλος (krústallos) and κρυμός (krumós).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /krý.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkry.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkry.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkry.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkri.os/

Noun

κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́εος or κρῠ́ους); third declension
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ κρῠ́ος; τοῦ κρῠ́εος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos	τὼ κρῠ́εε tṑ krúee	τᾰ̀ κρῠ́εᾰ tà krúea
Genitive	τοῦ κρῠ́εος toû krúeos	τοῖν κρῠέοιν toîn kruéoin	τῶν κρῠέων tôn kruéōn
Dative	τῷ κρῠ́εῐ̈ tôi krúeï	τοῖν κρῠέοιν toîn kruéoin	τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ(ν) toîs krúesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos	τὼ κρῠ́εε tṑ krúee	τᾰ̀ κρῠ́εᾰ tà krúea
Vocative	κρῠ́ος krúos	κρῠ́εε krúee	κρῠ́εᾰ krúea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ κρῠ́ος; τοῦ κρῠ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κρῠ́ος ho krúos	τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō	οἱ κρῠ́οι hoi krúoi
Genitive	τοῦ κρῠ́ου toû krúou	τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin	τῶν κρῠ́ων tôn krúōn
Dative	τῷ κρῠ́ῳ tôi krúōi	τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin	τοῖς κρῠ́οις toîs krúois
Accusative	τὸν κρῠ́ον tòn krúon	τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō	τοὺς κρῠ́ους toùs krúous
Vocative	κρῠ́ε krúe	κρῠ́ω krúō	κρῠ́οι krúoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

κρύος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
κρύος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
κρύος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
κρύος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- chill idem, page 130.
- cold idem, page 142.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

Greek

Adjective

κρύος • (krýos) m (feminine κρύα, neuter κρύο)

cold, chilled, chilly, cool

Declension

positive forms of κρύος

number case / gender	singular			plural
number case / gender	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	κρύος	κρύα	κρύο	κρύοι	κρύες	κρύα
genitive	κρύου	κρύας	κρύου	κρύων	κρύων	κρύων
accusative	κρύο	κρύα	κρύο	κρύους	κρύες	κρύα
vocative	κρύε	κρύα	κρύο	κρύοι	κρύες	κρύα
derivations	comparative: πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) relative superlative: definite article + πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος (o pio krýos), etc.)

Coordinate terms

χλιαρός (chliarós, “lukewarm”)
ζεστός (zestós, “hot, warm”)
θερμός (thermós, “hot, warm”)

Related terms

κρύο n (krýo, “cold weather”)
κρύωμα n (krýoma, “cold”) (illness)

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