én
Danish
Numeral
én
- Alternative form of en
Pronoun
én
- Alternative form of en
Usage notes
Accent is optional, and reflects intonation. Compare, for example, hun har kun en kat "she only has a cat" with hun har kun én kat "she has only one cat".
Hungarian
Etymology
From Old Hungarian *ɛ̄n. Usually considered to continue the Proto-Uralic first-person pronoun *minä (compare e.g. Finnish minä), but there is no consensus on how the Hungarian word has developed to its present shape. At least four proposals have been advanced:[1]
- irregular loss of the word-initial *m-
- from earlier *ɛmen, through the vocalization and loss of word-internal *-m-, as in many other cases such as ó (“old”)
- from earlier *ɛ̄mn, with the cluster *mn simplified to n
- from earlier *ɛ̄m, derived from the shorter Uralic root *mi, and with the irregular simplification of the root-final *-m to -n, perhaps first in the accusative engem (< ? *ɛmgɛm).
The last three options assume that the word was prefixed with *ɛ- at some point, perhaps an intensifying particle, or from the Proto-Uralic pronoun root *e- (“this”) (compare ez (“this”)).
Similarly irregular first-person pronouns occur in Mansi: ам (Northern), [script needed] (äm) (Southern), and even in Chuvash: эпӗ (epĕ) from Proto-Turkic *bẹn. If these have a similar origin as the Hungarian word, they are the most compatible with the third and fourth explanations.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈeːn]
Audio (file)
Pronoun
én
Declension
Derived terms
Noun
én (plural ének)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | én | ének |
| accusative | ént | éneket |
| dative | énnek | éneknek |
| instrumental | énnel | énekkel |
| causal-final | énért | énekért |
| translative | énné | énekké |
| terminative | énig | énekig |
| essive-formal | énként | énekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | énben | énekben |
| superessive | énen | éneken |
| adessive | énnél | éneknél |
| illative | énbe | énekbe |
| sublative | énre | énekre |
| allative | énhez | énekhez |
| elative | énből | énekből |
| delative | énről | énekről |
| ablative | éntől | énektől |
| Possessive forms of én | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | énem | énjeim |
| 2nd person sing. | éned | énjeid |
| 3rd person sing. | énje | énjei |
| 1st person plural | énünk | énjeink |
| 2nd person plural | énetek | énjeitek |
| 3rd person plural | énjük | énjeik |
References
- ↑ Rédei, Károly. 1963. "Az én személyes névmás eredetéhez". Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 65, pp. 166–169.
Ligurian
Verb
én
Norwegian Bokmål
Numeral
én
- stressed form of en
Derived terms
Old Irish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *ɸetnos.
Noun
én m (genitive éuin or éoin, nominative plural éuin or éoin)
Inflection
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | |||
| Vocative | |||
| Accusative | |||
| Genitive | |||
| Dative | |||
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
Interjection
én!
- lo!
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| én | unchanged | n-én |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- “1 én” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
- “2 én” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Vietnamese
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːnʔ; a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 燕 (SV: yến).
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛn˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛŋ˦˧˥]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛŋ˦˥]