virus

See also: Virus, vírus, vīrus, vīruss, virüs, and -virus

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus (“poison, slime, venom”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

Pronunciation

  • (UK, US) enPR: vīʹrəs, IPA(key): /ˈvaɪɹəs/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪɹəs

Noun

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

Wikispecies

The virions that carry the Marburg virus
  1. (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
    • 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, The Slum:
      Brazil, that inferno where every budding flower and every buzzing bluebottle fly bears a lascivious virus.
  2. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism.
    • 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
      Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
    • 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 64)
      Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
  3. A disease caused by these organisms.
    He caught a virus and had to stay home from school.
  4. (computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.

Synonyms

  • See also Thesaurus:virus

Hypernyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

See also

Further reading

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m

  1. virus

Declension

Further reading

  • virus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • virus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus c, n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

  1. virus

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

  • audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: vi‧rus

Noun

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)

  1. (microbiology) virus
  2. (computer science) virus

Usage notes

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few words ending in -us which is not masculine.

Descendants

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʋirus/

Noun

virus

  1. virus

Declension

Inflection of virus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative virus virukset
genitive viruksen virusten
viruksien
partitive virusta viruksia
illative virukseen viruksiin
singular plural
nominative virus virukset
accusative nom. virus virukset
gen. viruksen
genitive viruksen virusten
viruksien
partitive virusta viruksia
inessive viruksessa viruksissa
elative viruksesta viruksista
illative virukseen viruksiin
adessive viruksella viruksilla
ablative virukselta viruksilta
allative virukselle viruksille
essive viruksena viruksina
translative virukseksi viruksiksi
instructive — viruksin
abessive viruksetta viruksitta
comitative — viruksineen

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /vi.ʁys/
  • audio(file)

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus

Further reading

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus (“poison, slime, venom”).

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus (pathogen)
  2. computer virus

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m

  1. virus

Latin

Etymology

Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weisos, from Proto-Indo-European *weys- ("fluidity, slime, poison"). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (víṣa), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), and Tocharian B wase.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈwiː.rus/, [ˈwiː.rʊs]

Noun

vīrus n (genitive vīrī); second declension

  1. slimy liquid, slime
  2. poison, venom

Declension

Second declension, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us.

Case Singular
nominative vīrus
genitive vīrī
dative vīrō
accusative vīrus
ablative vīrō
vocative vīrus
  • There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular vīrus.

Synonyms

Descendants

References

  • virus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • virus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • virus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to vent one's anger, spite on some one: virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem (De Amic. 23. 87)
    • (ambiguous) many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
    • (ambiguous) to separate (of the woman): repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3)
    • (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
    • (ambiguous) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
  • virus in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Anagrams

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)

  1. a virus
  2. a computer virus (see datavirus)

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)

  1. a virus
  2. a computer virus (see datavirus)

References

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French virus, Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (plural virusuri)

  1. virus

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)

  1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
  2. (computing) computer virus

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus
  2. computer virus

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n

  1. virus
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