mšꜥ

Egyptian

Wooden figures found in the tomb of Mesehti:

of the 11th Dynasty

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛʃɑː/
- Conventional anglicization: mesha

Noun

m

Inflection

Declension of mšꜥ (masculine)

singular	mšꜥ
dual	mšꜥwj
plural	mšꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ

mšꜥ

Derived terms

Terms derived from mšꜥ

jmj-r mšꜥ (“general, boss of a workgang”)
jmj-r mšꜥ wr (“field marshal”)
jdnw n mšꜥ (“colonel”)

ꜥnḫ n mšꜥ (“infantryman”)
mšꜥ qt (“scapula”)

Descendants

Demotic: mšꜥ
- Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše) (Sahidic), ⲙⲏϣ (mēš) (Bohairic), ⲙⲏⲏϣⲓ (mēēši) (Fayyumic)

Noun

m

campaign, military expedition

Inflection

Declension of mšꜥ (masculine)

singular	mšꜥ
dual	mšꜥwj
plural	mšꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ

mšꜥ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕVj/ → /ˈmaʃʕVj/ → /ˈmaʃʕə/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛʃɑː/
- Conventional anglicization: mesha

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to march
(intransitive) to campaign

Inflection

Conjugation of mšꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mšꜥ, geminated stem: mšꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
mšꜥ	mšꜥw, mšꜥ	mšꜥt	mšꜥ	mšꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
mšꜥ	ḥr mšꜥ	m mšꜥ	r mšꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	mšꜥ.n	consecutive	mšꜥ.jn
terminative	mšꜥt	consecutive	mšꜥ.jn
perfective³	mšꜥ	obligative	mšꜥ.ḫr
imperfective	mšꜥ	obligative	mšꜥ.ḫr
prospective³	mšꜥ	potentialis	mšꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	mšꜥ	potentialis	mšꜥ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	mšꜥ.n	—	—
perfective	mšꜥ	mšꜥ	mšꜥ, mšꜥw⁵, mšꜥy⁵
imperfective	mšꜥ, mšꜥy, mšꜥw⁵	mšꜥ, mšꜥj⁶, mšꜥy⁶	mšꜥ, mšꜥw⁵
prospective	mšꜥ, mšꜥtj⁷	mšꜥtj⁴, mšꜥt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ

mšꜥ

Descendants

Demotic: mšꜥ
- Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše) – Sahidic, ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši) – Bohairic

References

Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97

↑ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 44–45

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[1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 44–45