jn

See also: Jn and .jn

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Particle

i
n

 proclitic

  1. indicates interrogativity
Usage notes

This particle comes at the beginning of an interrogative sentence. It can be used alongside the interrogative particle tr or by itself as the sole such particle.

In adverbial sentences with jn, the particle jw regularly follows jn, and nominal sentences with jn can also have it followed by jw.

Alternative forms

Preposition

i
n

  1. introduces the agent of a passive construction, when not a personal pronoun; by
    D&di
    n    		 T18wA1iq
    r    		 Y1V
    ḏd jn šmsw jqr
    Spoken by an excellent follower. → An excellent follower spoke.
  2. introduces the agent of an infinitive, when not a personal pronoun
  3. introduces an emphasized subject (one that serves as the rheme of the clause), when not a personal pronoun
    1. introduces the emphasized (non-participial) element in a participial statement, when not a personal pronoun
Usage notes

Introduces the subject or topic of the sentence. The agent it introduces cannot be a personal pronoun.

Allen considers this preposition to be ‘probably the same word’ as the above interrogative particle.

Derived terms
  • .jn
  • jn (quotative particle)

Etymology 2

Univerbation of j (“to say”) +‎ (.w) (third-person masculine singular stative ending) +‎ jn (“by”, the preposition above). The feminine form is a univerbation of j (“to say”) +‎ .t(j) (third-person feminine singular stative ending) +‎ jn (“by”, the preposition above), and the plural and dual are derived from the perfect of the verb j (“to say”) with a third-person plural or dual suffix pronoun (.sn or .snj, respectively).

Pronunciation

Particle

in

 quotative

  1. (with following noun indicating the speaker) marks a non-future direct quotation; says, said
Usage notes

Like the other quotatives kꜣ, ḫr, and ḫrw.fj, this word either follows the entire quotation that it marks or is inserted near its start (but never at its start).

This quotative is common in Old and Late Egyptian but restricted to archaic religious texts in Middle Egyptian.

Inflection

Reflecting its verbal origin, this particle’s form can vary depending on the person and number of the speaker:

With the plural form j.n.sn and the dual form j.n.snj, the following noun indicating the speaker is optional.

Alternative forms

References

  • Allen, James (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, revised second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 78, 86, 128–129, 165, 185, 193, 319–320, 338, 395
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.