bán

See also: -ban and Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: bán

Etymology 1

From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

bán (plural bánok)

ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	bán	bánok
accusative	bánt	bánokat
dative	bánnak	bánoknak
instrumental	bánnal	bánokkal
causal-final	bánért	bánokért
translative	bánná	bánokká
terminative	bánig	bánokig
essive-formal	bánként	bánokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	bánban	bánokban
superessive	bánon	bánokon
adessive	bánnál	bánoknál
illative	bánba	bánokba
sublative	bánra	bánokra
allative	bánhoz	bánokhoz
elative	bánból	bánokból
delative	bánról	bánokról
ablative	bántól	bánoktól

Possessive forms of bán
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	bánom	bánjaim
2nd person sing.	bánod	bánjaid
3rd person sing.	bánja	bánjai
1st person plural	bánunk	bánjaink
2nd person plural	bánotok	bánjaitok
3rd person plural	bánjuk	bánjaik

Derived terms

báni
bánság
Bánság

Etymology 2

From a Turkic language.

Verb

bán

(transitive) to regret

Conjugation

conjugation of bán

			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd person sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd person pl formal
Infinitive			bánni
Past participle			bánt
Present participle			bánó
Future participle			bánandó
Adverbial participle			bánva
Potential			bánhat
Indicative mood	Present	Indefinite	bánok	bánsz	bán	bánunk	bántok	bánnak
	Present	Definite	bánom én téged/titeket bánlak	bánod	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
	Past	Indefinite	bántam	bántál	bánt	bántunk	bántatok	bántak
	Past	Definite	bántam én téged/titeket bántalak	bántad	bánta	bántuk	bántátok	bánták
Conditional mood	Present	Indefinite	bánnék	bánnál	bánna	bánnánk	bánnátok	bánnának
Conditional mood	Present	Definite	bánnám én téged/titeket bánnálak	bánnád	bánná	bánnánk	bánnátok	bánnák
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indefinite	bánjak	bánj or bánjál	bánjon	bánjunk	bánjatok	bánjanak
Subjunctive mood	Present	Definite	bánjam én téged/titeket bánjalak	bánd or bánjad	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
Conjugated infinitive			bánnom	bánnod	bánnia	bánnunk	bánnotok	bánniuk

Derived terms

bánat
bánatos
bánkódik
bánt

(With verbal prefixes):

megbán

References

Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): [bˠɑːn̪ˠ]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): [bˠæːn̪ˠ]

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Adjective

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)

white
(sexuality, LGBT) gay, homosexual

Declension

Declension of bán

Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Nominative	bán	bhán	bána; bhána²
Vocative	bháin	bhán	bána
Genitive	bháin	báine	bána	bán
Dative	bán; bhán¹	bhán; bháin (archaic)	bána; bhána²
Comparative	níos báine
Superlative	is báine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
An Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
bánbhia (“white meat”)

bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
béar bán (“polar bear”)
bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy; favourite son”)

earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
fobhán, scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)

grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
lúbán bán, putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)

white

Declension

Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bán	ba
Vocative	a bháin	a bhána
Genitive	báin	bán
Dative	bán	ba

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bán	na ba
Genitive	an bháin	na mbán
Dative	leis an mbán don bhán	leis na ba

Derived terms

bán na súl m (“albinism”)

Verb

bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)

(transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; bleach; blanch; dawn; clear out, empty; lay waste, devastate”)

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	bánaim	bánann tú; bánair^†	bánann sé, sí	bánaimid	bánann sibh	bánann siad; bánaid^†	a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann; a mbánas	bántar
	past	bhán mé; bhánas	bhán tú; bhánais	bhán sé, sí	bhánamar; bhán muid	bhán sibh; bhánabhair	bhán siad; bhánadar	a bhán / ar bhán*	bánadh
	past habitual	bhánainn	bhántá	bhánadh sé, sí	bhánaimis; bhánadh muid	bhánadh sibh	bhánaidís; bhánadh siad	a bhánadh / ar bhánadh*	bhántaí
	future	bánfaidh mé; bánfad	bánfaidh tú; bánfair^†	bánfaidh sé, sí	bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid	bánfaidh sibh	bánfaidh siad; bánfaid^†	a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh; a mbánfas	bánfar
conditional		bhánfainn	bhánfá	bhánfadh sé, sí	bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid	bhánfadh sibh	bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad	a bhánfadh / ar bhánfadh*	bhánfaí
subjunctive	present	go mbána mé; go mbánad^†	go mbána tú; go mbánair^†	go mbána sé, sí	go mbánaimid; go mbána muid	go mbána sibh	go mbána siad; go mbánaid^†	—	go mbántar
subjunctive	past	dá mbánainn	dá mbántá	dá mbánadh sé, sí	dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid	dá mbánadh sibh	dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad	—	dá mbántaí
imperative		bánaim	bán	bánadh sé, sí	bánaimis	bánaigí; bánaidh^†	bánaidís	—	bántar
verbal noun		bánadh
past participle		bánta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form

Etymology 2

From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)

(geography) lea; grassland
uncultivated land

Declension

Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bán	bánta
Vocative	a bháin	a bhánta
Genitive	báin	bánta
Dative	bán	bánta

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bán	na bánta
Genitive	an bháin	na mbánta
Dative	leis an mbán don bhán	leis na bánta

Etymology 3

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)

Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure, bawn; bailey; bulwark, breakwater”)

Declension

Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bán	báin
Vocative	a bháin	a bhána
Genitive	báin	bán
Dative	bán	báin

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an bán	na báin
Genitive	an bháin	na mbán
Dative	leis an mbán don bhán	leis na báin

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bán	bhán	mbán
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbaːn/

Adjective

bán

white
pure

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	bán	bán	bán
Vocative	báin* bán**	bán
Accusative	bán	báin
Genitive	báin	báine	báin
Dative	bán	báin	bán
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	báin	bána
Vocative	bánu bána†
Accusative	bánu bána†
Genitive	bán
Dative	bánaib
Notes	modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative *modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Synonyms

Derived terms

abbán

Descendants

Irish: bán
Manx: bane
Scottish Gaelic: bàn

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bán	bán pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/	mbán
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ɓaːŋ˦˥]

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).

Prefix

bán

(only in compounds) half, semi-, hemi-

Compounds

Terms derived from bán

bán cầu
bán công

bán dẫn
bán đảo

bán kính

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.

Verb

bán (𧸝)

to sell

Derived terms

Terms derived from bán

bán chịu
bán đứng

buôn bán

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bán

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

See also

References

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Etymology 3

Noun

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Prefix

Compounds

Etymology 2

Verb

Derived terms