-al

See also: Appendix:Variations of "al"

English

Etymology 1

From the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Likely, the aforementioned Latin suffix is formed from Etruscan genitive suffix -l (as in Etruscan ati (“mother”) / atial (“mother's”)) + adjectival suffix -is (as in fortis, dēbilis, etc.).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /əl/

Suffix

-al

  1. Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
    base + ‎-al → ‎basal
    cranium + ‎-al → ‎cranial
  2. Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.
    propose + ‎-al → ‎proposal
    deny + ‎-al → ‎denial
Usage notes

If the root word contains l, the variant -ar is often used instead (e.g. solar, lunar, columnar, lumbar). Sometimes both forms are found: linear, lineal. One also sees -ial, as in manorial.

As nominalizer, some verbs have two corresponding nouns, one ending in -al and the other in -tion/-sion (more common suffix), with one or the other being more common, sometimes with different nuances. Notable examples: disposition/disposal (dispose), proposition/proposal (propose), submission/submittal (submit), transmission/transmittal (transmit). Some superficial pairs are actually of different origin, notably reversion/reversal (revert/reverse, not both from reverse).

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Extracted from the word aldehyde.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /æl/

Suffix

-al

  1. (organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes.
Translations

Anagrams

Abenaki

Suffix

-al

  1. A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.
    pessimen (“currant”) → pessimenal (“currants”)
    wôbigen (“it is white”) → wôbigenal (“they are white”)

Usage notes

  • -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.
  • See the usage notes at -ak.

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin -ālis.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-al (feminine -ala, masculine plural -als, feminine plural -ales)

  1. In adjectives, indicating relation.
    estructura (“structure”) → estructural (“structural”).

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Catalan_words_suffixed_with_-al'>Catalan words suffixed with -al</a>

Danish

Suffix

-al

  1. (organic chemistry) -al

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑl/

Suffix

-al

  1. (organic chemistry) -al

Synonyms

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Dutch_words_suffixed_with_-al'>Dutch words suffixed with -al</a>

Esperanto

Suffix

-al

  1. for [...] reason (ending for correlatives of reason)

Derived terms

French

Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French -al, borrowed from Latin -ālis. Cognate to French -el, which is also from Latin -ālis but inherited (not borrowed).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /al/

Suffix

-al

  1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also)

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:French_words_suffixed_with_-al'>French words suffixed with -al</a>

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -ālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [aːl]

Suffix

-al

  1. pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:German_words_suffixed_with_-al'>German words suffixed with -al</a>

Hungarian

Etymology

-a- +‎ -l

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɒl]

Suffix

-al

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
    szárny (“a wing”) → szárnyal (“to soar”)
  2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).
    von (“to pull”) → vonal (“line”)

Usage notes

  • (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
    -ol is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -al is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant
    -el is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öl is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ál is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
  • (noun-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -al is added to back vowel words
    -el is added to front vowel words

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_verbs_suffixed_with_-al'>Hungarian verbs suffixed with -al</a>
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_nouns_suffixed_with_-al'>Hungarian nouns suffixed with -al</a>

See also

  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Lepontic

Suffix

-al • (-al)

  1. Romanization of -𐌀𐌋

Norman

Etymology

From Old French -al, from Latin -ālis.

Suffix

-al

  1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form)

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Norman_words_suffixed_with_-al'>Norman words suffixed with -al</a>

Novial

Suffix

-al

  1. Short form of -ali.

Usage notes

  • Remove the last vowel (except 'u') of the given noun before appending this suffix to it.

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin -ālis. Compare the inherited -el.

Suffix

-al

  1. suffix used to form adjectives from nouns
    mesnal ― domestic; household
    (from mesnee)

Descendants

  • Middle French: -al

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese -al, from Latin -ālis.

Suffix

-al (plural -ais)

  1. appended to noun X, forms adjectives meaning “of or pertaining to X”
    abismo (“abyss”) + ‎-al → ‎abismal (“abyssal; abysmal”)
    indústria (“factory; industry”) + ‎-al → ‎industrial (“industrial”)
  2. forms synonyms of adjectives containing the suffix -ico
    angélico (“angelic”) + ‎-al → ‎angelical (“angelical”)
  3. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a collection X” or “a large quantity of X”
    ninho (“nest”) + ‎-al → ‎ninhal (“a bunch of nests”)
    edito (“edict”) + ‎-al → ‎edital (“notice board”)
  4. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a place where there is plenty of X”
    pedra (“rock”) + ‎-al → ‎pedregal (“a rocky field”)
    colmeia (“beehive”) + ‎-al → ‎colmeal (“a place with many beehives”)
  5. appended to the name of a plant, forms nouns meaning “a field where that plant is cultivated”
    trigo (“wheat”) + ‎-al → ‎trigal (“wheatfield”)
    sobreiro (“cork oak”) + ‎-al → ‎sobreiral (“an orchard of cork oaks”)
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From the first syllable of álcool (“alcohol”) and aldeído (“aldehyde”).

Suffix

-al m

  1. (chemistry) forms the names of alcohols
  2. (chemistry) forms the names of aldehydes

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin -ālis.

Suffix

-al (plural -ales)

  1. In adjectives, indicating relation
    cultura (“culture”) + ‎-al → ‎cultural (“cultural”).
  2. In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown
    maíz (“corn”) + ‎-al → ‎maizal (“corn field”)
    naranja (“orange”) + ‎-al → ‎naranjal (“orange grove”)

Synonyms

  • (indicating a place): -ar

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Spanish_words_suffixed_with_-al'>Spanish words suffixed with -al</a>

Swedish

Suffix

-al

  1. -al, of or pertaining to; forming an adjective from a noun

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Swedish_words_suffixed_with_-al'>Swedish words suffixed with -al</a>

See also

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