稟告

See also: 禀告

Chinese

		natural property or endowment; report to (a superior)	to tell; to inform; to say
trad. (稟告)		稟	告
simp. (禀告)		禀	告

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǐnggào

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˇ ㄍㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ban² gou³
Min Nan (POJ): péng-kò͘ / pín-kò / péng-kò

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bǐnggào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˇ ㄍㄠˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biinggaw
  - IPA ^(key): /piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ban² gou³
  - Yale: bán gou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ban² gou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ben² gou³
  - IPA ^(key): /pɐn³⁵ kou̯³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: péng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: píng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pefngkox
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pín-kò
  - Tâi-lô: pín-kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pynkoix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: péng-kò
  - Tâi-lô: píng-kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pefngkoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

Verb

稟告

to report (to one's superior)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
稟	告
ひん Jinmeiyō	こく Grade: 4
on’yomi

/pinkoku/ → /finkoku/ → /hinkoku/

From Middle Chinese compound 稟告 (pim^X kowk, literally “report, petition + inform”). Compare modern Min Nan reading pín-kò or Mandarin bǐnggào.

The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ひんこく [hìńkókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [çĩŋko̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

稟告 (hiragana ひんこく, rōmaji hinkoku)

(rare, possibly obsolete) reporting (especially to a superior)
(rare, possibly obsolete) a report (especially to a superior)

Synonyms

上 (じょう)申 (しん) (jōshin)
報告 (ほうこく) (hōkoku) (lacks the “to a superior” sense)

Verb

稟告する (hiragana ひんこくする, rōmaji hinkoku suru)

(rare, possibly obsolete) to report, to make a report (especially to a superior)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "稟告する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	稟告し	ひんこくし	hinkoku shi
Continuative (連用形)	稟告し	ひんこくし	hinkoku shi
Terminal (終止形)	稟告する	ひんこくする	hinkoku suru
Attributive (連体形)	稟告する	ひんこくする	hinkoku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	稟告すれ	ひんこくすれ	hinkoku sure
Imperative (命令形)	稟告せよ¹ 稟告しろ²	ひんこくせよ¹ ひんこくしろ²	hinkoku seyo¹ hinkoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	稟告される	ひんこくされる	hinkoku sareru
Causative	稟告させる稟告さす	ひんこくさせるひんこくさす	hinkoku saseru hinkoku sasu
Potential	稟告できる	ひんこくできる	hinkoku dekiru
Volitional	稟告しよう	ひんこくしよう	hinkoku shiyō
Negative	稟告しない	ひんこくしない	hinkoku shinai
Negative continuative	稟告せず	ひんこくせず	hinkoku sezu
Formal	稟告します	ひんこくします	hinkoku shimasu
Perfective	稟告した	ひんこくした	hinkoku shita
Conjunctive	稟告して	ひんこくして	hinkoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	稟告すれば	ひんこくすれば	hinkoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

上 (じょう)申 (しん) (jōshin)
報告 (ほうこく) (hōkoku) (lacks the “to a superior” sense)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
稟	告
りん Jinmeiyō	こく Grade: 4
on’yomi

Appears to be a shift in pronunciation within Japanese, likely influenced by the alternative Middle Chinese reading lim^X for the 稟 character. The rin reading in Japanese is sometimes treated as kan'yōon.^[2]^[1]

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) りんこく [rìńkókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ɾʲĩŋko̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

稟告 (hiragana りんこく, rōmaji rinkoku)

a proposal, proposing
notification, notifying, informing, telling
a declaration, declaring

Synonyms

(proposal): 申 (もう)し出 (で) (mōshide), 提 (てい)案 (あん) (teian)
(notification): 通 (つう)知 (ち) (tsūchi), 告知 (こくち) (kokuchi)
(declaration): 申 (もう)し告 (つ)げる (mōshitsugeru), 申告 (しんこく) (shinkoku)

Verb

稟告する (hiragana りんこくする, rōmaji rinkoku suru)

to propose, to make a proposal
to notify, to inform, to tell
to declare, to make a declaration

Conjugation

Conjugation of "稟告する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	稟告し	りんこくし	rinkoku shi
Continuative (連用形)	稟告し	りんこくし	rinkoku shi
Terminal (終止形)	稟告する	りんこくする	rinkoku suru
Attributive (連体形)	稟告する	りんこくする	rinkoku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	稟告すれ	りんこくすれ	rinkoku sure
Imperative (命令形)	稟告せよ¹ 稟告しろ²	りんこくせよ¹ りんこくしろ²	rinkoku seyo¹ rinkoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	稟告される	りんこくされる	rinkoku sareru
Causative	稟告させる稟告さす	りんこくさせるりんこくさす	rinkoku saseru rinkoku sasu
Potential	稟告できる	りんこくできる	rinkoku dekiru
Volitional	稟告しよう	りんこくしよう	rinkoku shiyō
Negative	稟告しない	りんこくしない	rinkoku shinai
Negative continuative	稟告せず	りんこくせず	rinkoku sezu
Formal	稟告します	りんこくします	rinkoku shimasu
Perfective	稟告した	りんこくした	rinkoku shita
Conjunctive	稟告して	りんこくして	rinkoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	稟告すれば	りんこくすれば	rinkoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(propose): 申 (もう)し出 (で)る (mōshideru), 提 (てい)案 (あん) (teian)
(inform): 申 (もう)し上 (あ)げる (mōshiageru)
(notify): 通 (つう)知 (ち) (tsūchi), 告知 (こくち) (kokuchi)
(declare): 申 (もう)し告 (つ)げる (mōshitsugeru), 申告 (しんこく) (shinkoku)

References

1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja in this term
稟	告

Noun

稟告 • (pumgo) (hangeul 품고)

Hanja form^? of 품고 (“notice; notification; report (to one's superior)”).

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[DJR-1] 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan