契丹

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (契丹)		契	丹

Etymology

A Middle Chinese transcription of Khitan [script needed] (Khita(n)).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Qìdān

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄉㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kit³ daan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Qìdān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄉㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chihdan
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ta̠n⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kit³ daan¹
  - Yale: kit dāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kit⁸ daan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kid³ dan¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰiːt̚³ tɑːn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰei^H|kʰɨt̚|kʰet̚ tɑn/▼

Rime
Character	契	契	契	丹
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	迄 (58)	屑 (87)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III	IV	I
Fanqie	苦計切	去迄切	苦結切	都寒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei^H/	/kʰɨt̚/	/kʰet̚/	/tɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei^H/	/kʰɨt̚/	/kʰet̚/	/tɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi^H/	/kʰiət̚/	/kʰɛt̚/	/tɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj^H/	/kʰɨt̚/	/kʰɛt̚/	/tan/
Li Rong	/kʰei^H/	/kʰiət̚/	/kʰet̚/	/tɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰiei^H/	/kʰĭət̚/	/kʰiet̚/	/tɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiei^H/	/kʰi̯ət̚/	/kʰiet̚/	/tɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì	qi	qie	dān

Proper noun

契丹

the Khitans (Mongolic people who ruled Manchuria, then Northern China as the Liao, then Central Asia as the Kara Khitai from the 9th to 13th century)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
契	丹
Grade: S	Grade: S

Proper noun

契丹 (hiragana きったん, rōmaji Kittan)

the Mongolian Khitan tribe that ruled Manchuria from 907–1115 CE.

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