八雲立つ

Japanese

Kanji in this term
八 雲 立
や
Grade: 1		 くも
Grade: 2		 た(つ)
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, completed in 712 CE.

Derived from 八雲 (ya kumo, “eight-cloud → many clouds”) + 立つ (tatsu, “to rise, stand”).

Adnominal

八雲立つ (hiragana やくもたつ, rōmaji ya kumo tatsu)

  1. many clouds rising, alludes to 出雲 (Izumo)
    • 711-712, Kojiki (poem 1)
      夜 (や)久 (く)毛 (も)多 (た)都 (つ)伊 (い)豆 (づ)毛 (も)夜 (や)幣 (へ)賀 (が)岐 (き)都 (つ)麻 (ま)碁 (ご)微 (み)爾 (に)夜 (や)幣 (へ)賀 (が)岐 (き)都 (つ)久 (く)流 (る)曾 (そ)能 (の)夜 (や)幣 (へ)賀 (が)岐 (き)袁 (を) [Man'yōgana]
      八 (や)雲 (くも)立 (た)つ出雲 (いづも)八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)妻 (つま)籠 (ご)みに八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)作 (つく)るその八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)を [Modern spelling]
      ya kumo tatsu Izumo yaegaki tsumagomi ni yaegaki tsukuru sono yaegaki o
      In eight-cloud-rising Izumo[,] an eightfold fence to enclose my wife[,] an eightfold fence I build, and, oh, that eightfold fence![1]
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 1)
      夜 (や)句 (く)茂 (も)多 (た)菟 (つ)伊 (い)都 (づ)毛 (も)夜 (や)覇 (へ)餓 (が)岐 (き)菟 (つ)磨 (ま)語 (ご)昧 (め)爾 (に)夜 (や)覇 (へ)餓 (が)枳 (き)菟 (つ)倶 (く)盧 (る)贈 (そ)廼 (の)夜 (や)覇 (へ)餓 (が)岐 (き)廻 (ゑ) [Man'yōgana]
      八 (や)雲 (くも)立 (た)つ出雲 (いづも)八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)妻 (つま)籠 (ご)めに八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)作 (つく)るその八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)ゑ [Modern spelling]
      ya kumo tatsu Izumo yaegaki tsumagome ni yaegaki tsukuru sono yaegaki e
      A many-layered fence at Izumo, where clouds billow―a fence I build to live therein with my wife. Ah, that many layered fence![2]
    • 905, Kokin Wakashū (kana preface)
      や雲 (くも)立 (た)つ出雲 (いづも)八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)妻 (つま)ごめに八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)作 (つく)るその八 (や)重 (へ)垣 (がき)を
      ya kumo tatsu Izumo yaegaki tsumagome ni yaegaki tsukuru sono yaegaki o
      A manifold fence I build, a manifold fence to shut in a wife, Izumo manifold fence, where manifold clouds rise high.[3]

Usage notes

Some scholars interpret the allusion to 出づる雲 (izuru kumo, “layered clouds”) instead of 出雲 (Izumo).[4]

References

  1. ↑ Haruo Shirane; Sonja Arntzen, translator (2008) Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600 (Columbia University Press: Translations from the Asian classics), illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 31
  2. ↑ Mujū Ichien (1985), Robert E. Morrell, editor, Sand and Pebbles: The Tales of Muju Ichien, A Voice for Pluralism in Kamakura Buddhism (Bibliotheca Persica), illustrated edition, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 317
  3. ↑ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Kokin Wakashū: The First Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry : with Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka, illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, pages 8-9
  4. ↑ Norinaga Motoori (2007), Michael F. Marra, editor, The Poetics of Motoori Norinaga: A Hermeneutical Journey, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 137
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