傾く

See also: 傾ぐ

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
傾
かたぶ(く)
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Verb

傾く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かたぶく, rōmaji katabuku)

  1. to tilt, to lean
    日 (ひ)の道 (みち)や　/　葵 (あふひ)傾 (かたぶ)く　/　五月 (さつき)雨 (あめ)
    hi no michi ya / aoi katabuku / satsuki-ame
    The sun's way: hollyhocks turn toward it through all the rain of May.[2]
  2. to think something strange or odd
  3. to set, as of the sun or moon (to the west)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 17, poem 3955), text here
      奴 (ぬ)婆 (ば)多 (た)麻 (ま)乃 (の)欲 (よ)波 (は)布 (ふ)氣 (け)奴 (ぬ)良 (ら)之 (し)多 (た)末 (ま)久 (く)之 (し)氣 (げ)敷 (ふ)多 (た)我 (が)美 (み)夜 (や)麻 (ま)尓 (に)月 (つき)加 (か)多 (た)夫 (ぶ)伎 (き)奴 (ぬ) [Man'yōgana]
      ぬばたまの夜 (よ)は更 (ふ)けぬらし玉 (たま)櫛 (くし)笥 (げ)二上山 (ふたがみやま)に月 (つき)かたぶきぬ [Modern spelling]
      nubatama no yo wa fukenurashi tama-kushige futagami-yama ni tsuki katabukinu
      It seems that the night, [dark] as pitch-black jade, has deepened. The moon has declined over [Futagami] mountain.[3]
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 680; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 59)
      やすらはで寝 (ね)なましものをさ夜 (よ)更 (ふ)けてかたぶくまでの月 (つき)を見 (み)しかな
      yasura wa de ne na mashi mono o sayo fukete katabuku made no tsuki o mishi kana
      I should not have waited. It would have been better to have slept and dreamed, than to have watched night pass, and this slow moon sink.[4]
  4. to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  5. to favor
  6. to blame; to criticize (US)/criticise (UK) (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • 傾 (かたむ)く (katamuku)

See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
傾
かたむ(く)
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/katabuku/ → /katamuku/

From katabuku above, the medial /b/ loses plosive and becomes a nasal /m/.

Alternative forms

  • 片向く

Pronunciation

Verb

傾く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かたむく, rōmaji katamuku)

  1. to tilt, to lean, to incline
  2. to favor
  3. to wane
  4. to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  5. to set, as of the sun or moon (to the west)
Conjugation

Synonyms

See also

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
傾
かぶ(く)
Grade: S
Irregular

From 頭 (kabu, “head”) + く (-ku, verbal suffix).

The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the tilt sense. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Verb

傾く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かぶく, rōmaji kabuku)

  1. (archaic) to tilt one's head
  2. (archaic) to dress or act in a strange or eccentric way to attract one's attention
  3. (archaic) to perform kabuki
Conjugation
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ Harold Gould Henderson (2012) Intro to Haiku: An Anthology of Poems and Poets from Basho to Shiki, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, →ISBN
  3. ↑ Alexander Vovin (2015) Man’yōshū (Book 17): A New English Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary, BRILL, →ISBN, page 88
  4. ↑ Kenneth Rexroth (1964) One Hundred Poems from the Japanese, illustrated edition, New Directions Publishing, →ISBN, page 9
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