人參

Chinese

		man; person; people	ginseng
trad. (人參/人蔘)		人	參/蔘
simp. (人参)		人	参

Etymology

Referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rénshēn

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁴ sam¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'liin⁴ sen¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-sêm
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): jîn-sim / lîn-sim / jîn-song / lîn-song / lîn-serm / jîn-sam / lîn-sam / jîn-som / lîn-som / gîn-som

(Teochew, Peng'im): ring⁵ siam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: rénshēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄕㄣ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshen
  - IPA ^(key): /ʐən³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    人參／人参
    人身
    壬申
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: jan⁴ sam¹
  - Yale: yàhn sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁴ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁴ sem¹
  - IPA ^(key): /jɐn²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    人參／人参
    人心
    仁心
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'liin⁴ sen¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ˈlɨn³⁵ sɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-sêm
  - Hakka Romanization System: nginˇ sem´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngin² sem¹
  - IPA: /ɲin¹¹ sem²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Sanxia)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sim
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsym
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑin²³⁻³³ ɕim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sim
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsym
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /lin²⁴⁻¹² ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² ɕim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-song
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-song
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofng
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-song
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-song
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² sɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-serm
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-serm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lin²⁴⁻²² səm³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-sam
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-sam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsafm
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑin²³⁻³³ sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-sam
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-sam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsafm
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jîn-som
  - Tâi-lô: jîn-som
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jinsofm
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑin¹³⁻²² sɔm⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑin²³⁻³³ sɔm⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-som
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-som
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linsofm
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ sɔm⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîn-som
  - Tâi-lô: gîn-som
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ginsofm
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ring⁵ siam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jîng siam
  - IPA ^(key): /d͡ziŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siam³³/

Noun

人參

ginseng (any of several plants, of the genus Panax)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (人參):

Japanese: 人 (ニン)参 (ジン) (ninjin)
Korean: 인삼 (人蔘, insam)
Vietnamese: nhân sâm (人參)

Others:

→ English: ginseng
→ Russian: женьшень (ženʹšenʹ)

References

Duffus, William, “ginseng” (p. 122) in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, English Presbyterian Mission Press, 1883.

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人參