与える
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 与 |
| Grade: S |
Etymology
/*ataperu/ → /ataɸeru/ → /ataheru/ → /ataeru/
Derived as the potential form of archaic and literary verb atau (“to put into continued contact with”), from imperfective form ata of root verb atsu (modern ateru: 当てる, “to put one thing against another”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).[1]
Original meaning was “to give something appropriate or fitting to another person”.
Pronunciation
Verb
与える (transitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana あたえる, rōmaji ataeru, historical hiragana あたへる)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "与える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 与え | あたえ | atae | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 与え | あたえ | atae | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 与える | あたえる | ataeru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 与える | あたえる | ataeru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 与えれ | あたえれ | ataere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 与えよ¹ 与えろ² |
あたえよ¹ あたえろ² |
ataeyo¹ ataero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 与えられる | あたえられる | ataerareru | |
| Causative | 与えさせる 与えさす |
あたえさせる あたえさす |
ataesaseru ataesasu | |
| Potential | 与えられる 与えれる³ |
あたえられる あたえれる³ |
ataerareru ataereru³ | |
| Volitional | 与えよう | あたえよう | ataeyō | |
| Negative | 与えない 与えぬ 与えん |
あたえない あたえぬ あたえん |
ataenai ataenu ataen | |
| Negative continuative | 与えず | あたえず | ataezu | |
| Formal | 与えます | あたえます | ataemasu | |
| Perfective | 与えた | あたえた | ataeta | |
| Conjunctive | 与えて | あたえて | ataete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 与えれば | あたえれば | ataereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Related terms
References
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