สังฆราช

Thai

Alternative forms

Etymology

From สังฆ (sǎng-ká-, “clergy”) +‎ ราช (râat, “king; male chief, head, or leader”); ultimately from Pali saṅgharāja (“pontiff”), from saṅgha (“clergy”) + rāja (“monarch”), possibly via Old Khmer saṅgharāja (“head of a (Buddhist) congregation”). Compare Modern Khmer សង្ឃរាជ (sɑɑngkhɔɔriəc).

Pronunciation

Orthographicสังฆราช
s ạ ŋ gʰ r ā d͡ʑ
Phonemicสัง-คะ-ราด
s ạ ŋ – g a – r ā ɗ
RomanizationPaiboonsǎng-ká-râat
Royal Institutesang-kha-rat
(standard) IPA(key)/saŋ˩˩˦.kʰa˦˥.raːt̚˥˩/

Noun

สังฆราช • (sǎng-ká-râat) (classifier รูป or องค์)

  1. (Buddhism)
    1. (พระ~, สมเด็จพระ~) supreme patriarch: leader of a national Buddhist clergy.
    2. (พระ~) leader of any Buddhist clergy.
  2. (Roman Catholicism) (พระ~) bishop.
  3. (พระ~) chief priest; high priest; hierarch; patriarch.

Usage notes

As regards the Buddhist clergy of Thailand, the present term refers to a supreme patriarch who is a commoner. If he is a royal person, the term สังฆราชเจ้า is used.

Synonyms

Derived terms

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