शिव

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śiva).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃɪʋ/, /ʃɪ.ʋɑː/

Proper noun

शिव • (śiv) m

1. (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)

Etymology

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra i, 153, from verbal root शी (śī, “to lie down”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Alternatively from श्वि (śvi, “to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-; compare शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”), सु-शिश्वि (su-śiśvi, “growing well”); cognate with Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).

An earlier deity, रुद्र (rudra, “Rudra”), was often described with the adjective शिव (śiva, “auspicious”). शिव-रुद्र (śiva-rudra) was eventually shortened to शिव (śiva) in later Sanskrit, the name of the deity worshipped today.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕi.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕi.ʋɐ/

Proper noun

शिव • (śivá) m

1. (Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12.926.19

     ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
     जगाम शरणं देवो ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम॥

     tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevo’dhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.
     jagāma śaraṇaṃ devo brahmāṇaṃ parameṣṭhinama.

   Synonyms: रुद्र (rudra), काल (kāla), महेश्वर (maheśvara), महादेव (mahādeva), विश्वनाथन् (viśvanāthan)

2. a second Shiva; especially emancipated; a class of such Brahmans
3. (in the dual) Shiva and his wife
4. A male given name.

Adjective

शिव • (śivá)

1. auspicious, favourable
   • c. 900 CE – 1500, Śivapuraṇam 4.42.13

     अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
     यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥

     anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam .
     yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate .

   शिवम् ― śivám ― kindly, tenderly'

2. happy, fortunate

Noun

शिव • (śivá) m, n

1. m happiness, welfare
2. m liberation, final emancipation
3. n welfare, prosperity, bliss

References

• Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1898) A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 1074