قلم
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ق ل م (q-l-m).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qa.la.ma/
Verb
قَلَمَ • (qalama) I, non-past يَقْلِمُ (yaqlimu)
- to cut, to clip, to pare, to prune, to trim, to lop, to truncate, to snip, to cut back, to cut down
- to make stripes, to stripe
- to fleece, to fleece wool
Conjugation
| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
قَلْم qalm | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
قَالِم qālim | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَقْلُوم maqlūm | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qalamtu |
qalamta |
قَلَمَ qalama |
قَلَمْتُمَا qalamtumā |
قَلَمَا qalamā |
qalamnā |
qalamtum |
qalamū | |||
| f | qalamti |
qalamat |
قَلَمَتَا qalamatā |
qalamtunna |
qalamna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾaqlimu |
taqlimu |
yaqlimu |
تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni |
يَقْلِمَانِ yaqlimāni |
naqlimu |
taqlimūna |
yaqlimūna | |||
| f | taqlimīna |
taqlimu |
تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni |
taqlimna |
yaqlimna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaqlima |
taqlima |
yaqlima |
تَقْلِمَا taqlimā |
يَقْلِمَا yaqlimā |
naqlima |
تَقْلِمُوا taqlimū |
يَقْلِمُوا yaqlimū | |||
| f | taqlimī |
taqlima |
تَقْلِمَا taqlimā |
taqlimna |
yaqlimna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaqlim |
taqlim |
yaqlim |
تَقْلِمَا taqlimā |
يَقْلِمَا yaqlimā |
naqlim |
تَقْلِمُوا taqlimū |
يَقْلِمُوا yaqlimū | |||
| f | taqlimī |
taqlim |
تَقْلِمَا taqlimā |
taqlimna |
yaqlimna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iqlim |
اِقْلِمَا iqlimā |
اِقْلِمُوا iqlimū |
||||||||
| f | iqlimī |
iqlimna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qulimtu |
qulimta |
قُلِمَ qulima |
قُلِمْتُمَا qulimtumā |
قُلِمَا qulimā |
qulimnā |
qulimtum |
qulimū | |||
| f | qulimti |
qulimat |
قُلِمَتَا qulimatā |
qulimtunna |
qulimna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾuqlamu |
tuqlamu |
yuqlamu |
تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni |
يُقْلَمَانِ yuqlamāni |
nuqlamu |
tuqlamūna |
yuqlamūna | |||
| f | tuqlamīna |
tuqlamu |
تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni |
tuqlamna |
yuqlamna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾuqlama |
tuqlama |
yuqlama |
تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā |
يُقْلَمَا yuqlamā |
nuqlama |
تُقْلَمُوا tuqlamū |
يُقْلَمُوا yuqlamū | |||
| f | tuqlamī |
tuqlama |
تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā |
tuqlamna |
yuqlamna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuqlam |
tuqlam |
yuqlam |
تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā |
يُقْلَمَا yuqlamā |
nuqlam |
تُقْلَمُوا tuqlamū |
يُقْلَمُوا yuqlamū | |||
| f | tuqlamī |
tuqlam |
تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā |
tuqlamna |
yuqlamna | |||||||
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “قلم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1976), “قلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 3rd edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Etymology 2
Intensive form II verb derived from form I verb قَلَمَ (qalama, “to cut”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qal.la.ma/
Verb
قَلَّمَ • (qallama) II, non-past يُقَلِّمُ (yuqallimu)
Conjugation
| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taqlīm | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُقَلِّم muqallim | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُقَلَّم muqallam | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qallamtu |
qallamta |
قَلَّمَ qallama |
قَلَّمْتُمَا qallamtumā |
قَلَّمَا qallamā |
qallamnā |
qallamtum |
qallamū | |||
| f | qallamti |
qallamat |
قَلَّمَتَا qallamatā |
qallamtunna |
qallamna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾuqallimu |
tuqallimu |
yuqallimu |
تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni |
يُقَلِّمَانِ yuqallimāni |
nuqallimu |
tuqallimūna |
yuqallimūna | |||
| f | tuqallimīna |
tuqallimu |
تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni |
tuqallimna |
yuqallimna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾuqallima |
tuqallima |
yuqallima |
تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā |
يُقَلِّمَا yuqallimā |
nuqallima |
تُقَلِّمُوا tuqallimū |
يُقَلِّمُوا yuqallimū | |||
| f | tuqallimī |
tuqallima |
تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā |
tuqallimna |
yuqallimna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuqallim |
tuqallim |
yuqallim |
تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā |
يُقَلِّمَا yuqallimā |
nuqallim |
تُقَلِّمُوا tuqallimū |
يُقَلِّمُوا yuqallimū | |||
| f | tuqallimī |
tuqallim |
تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā |
tuqallimna |
yuqallimna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | قَلِّمْ qallim |
قَلِّمَا qallimā |
qallimū |
||||||||
| f | qallimī |
qallimna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qullimtu |
qullimta |
قُلِّمَ qullima |
قُلِّمْتُمَا qullimtumā |
قُلِّمَا qullimā |
qullimnā |
qullimtum |
qullimū | |||
| f | qullimti |
qullimat |
قُلِّمَتَا qullimatā |
qullimtunna |
qullimna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾuqallamu |
tuqallamu |
yuqallamu |
تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni |
يُقَلَّمَانِ yuqallamāni |
nuqallamu |
tuqallamūna |
yuqallamūna | |||
| f | tuqallamīna |
tuqallamu |
تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni |
tuqallamna |
yuqallamna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾuqallama |
tuqallama |
yuqallama |
تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā |
يُقَلَّمَا yuqallamā |
nuqallama |
تُقَلَّمُوا tuqallamū |
يُقَلَّمُوا yuqallamū | |||
| f | tuqallamī |
tuqallama |
تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā |
tuqallamna |
yuqallamna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuqallam |
tuqallam |
yuqallam |
تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā |
يُقَلَّمَا yuqallamā |
nuqallam |
تُقَلَّمُوا tuqallamū |
يُقَلَّمُوا yuqallamū | |||
| f | tuqallamī |
tuqallam |
تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā |
tuqallamna |
yuqallamna | |||||||
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “قلم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
Etymology 3
From Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”). Nöldeke and Jeffery are convinced that it comes thence via Ge'ez ቀለም (ḳäläm, “reed”), while Leslau notes that ቀለም (ḳäläm, “reed”) could come from Arabic. But the meaning “reed” – referring to a plant – is not actually attested for the Arabic word, and given the peculiar semantics in Ge'ez where the word ቀለም (ḳäläm) is mixed into the root of ቀለመ (ḳälämä, “to color, to stain, to write”) and as well means “color”, “ink”, “inkstand”, as Leslau separates himself, a Ge'ez origin can explain why in Arabic the meaning is restricted to “pen” in the beginning compared with the Greek κάλαμος (kálamos) meaning “reed cane” in general.
Pronunciation
Noun
قَلَم • (qalam) m (plural أَقْلَام (ʾaqlām))
- pen, reed pen
- pencil
- writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus, handwriting
- style
- office, bureau, agency
- window, counter
- (commerce) item, entry
- stripe, streak, line, bar, stria
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَلَم qalam |
الْقَلَم al-qalam |
قَلَم qalam |
| Nominative | قَلَمٌ qalamun |
الْقَلَمُ al-qalamu |
قَلَمُ qalamu |
| Accusative | قَلَمًا qalaman |
الْقَلَمَ al-qalama |
قَلَمَ qalama |
| Genitive | قَلَمٍ qalamin |
الْقَلَمِ al-qalami |
قَلَمِ qalami |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | قَلَمَيْن qalamayn |
الْقَلَمَيْن al-qalamayn |
قَلَمَيْ qalamay |
| Nominative | قَلَمَانِ qalamāni |
الْقَلَمَانِ al-qalamāni |
قَلَمَا qalamā |
| Accusative | قَلَمَيْنِ qalamayni |
الْقَلَمَيْنِ al-qalamayni |
قَلَمَيْ qalamay |
| Genitive | قَلَمَيْنِ qalamayni |
الْقَلَمَيْنِ al-qalamayni |
قَلَمَيْ qalamay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَقْلَام ʾaqlām |
الْأَقْلَام al-ʾaqlām |
أَقْلَام ʾaqlām |
| Nominative | أَقْلَامٌ ʾaqlāmun |
الْأَقْلَامُ al-ʾaqlāmu |
أَقْلَامُ ʾaqlāmu |
| Accusative | أَقْلَامًا ʾaqlāman |
الْأَقْلَامَ al-ʾaqlāma |
أَقْلَامَ ʾaqlāma |
| Genitive | أَقْلَامٍ ʾaqlāmin |
الْأَقْلَامِ al-ʾaqlāmi |
أَقْلَامِ ʾaqlāmi |
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938), “قَلَمٌ”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 242–243
- Leslau, Wolf (1991), “qalama”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 428–429
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 662–685
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 50
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /qalm/
Noun
قَلْم • (qalm) m
- verbal noun of قَلَمَ (qalama) (form I)
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَلْم qalm |
الْقَلْم al-qalm |
قَلْم qalm |
| Nominative | قَلْمٌ qalmun |
الْقَلْمُ al-qalmu |
قَلْمُ qalmu |
| Accusative | قَلْمًا qalman |
الْقَلْمَ al-qalma |
قَلْمَ qalma |
| Genitive | قَلْمٍ qalmin |
الْقَلْمِ al-qalmi |
قَلْمِ qalmi |
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “قلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡalam/
Noun
قَلَم • (galam) m
(plural أَقْلام (ʾaglām))
Persian
Etymology
From Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).
Noun
| Dari Persian | قلم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | قلم |
| Tajiki Persian | қалам (qalam) |
قلم • (qalam)
- reed
- quill
- pen, reed pen
- (computing) font
- kind, sort
- چندین قلم جنس در مغازه داریم.
- čandin qalam jens dar mağâze dârim.
- We have various kinds of articles (or goods) in our store.
-
Punjabi
Etymology
From Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).
Noun
قلم • (qalam) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕ਼ਲਮ)
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Urdu
Etymology
From Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).
Noun
قلم • (qalam) f (Hindi spelling क़लम)
Declension
| Declension of قلم | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | قلم (qalam) | قلمیں (qalamẽ) |
| oblique | قلم (qalam) | قلموں (qalamõ) |
| vocative | قلم (qalam) | قلمو (qalamo) |