աստուած
Old Armenian
The word Աստուած (Astuac, “God”) abbreviated. Only the first and the last letters are written, under the Armenian abbreviation mark.
Etymology
The origin is uncertain. Nicholas Marr connected the word with the name of the chief Phrygian god Σαβάζιος (Sabázios, “Sabazios”). This is accepted by Ačaṙyan, but considered untenable by J̌ahukyan on phonetic grounds.
According to J̌ahukyan two etymologies are the most probable:
- a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂énsus (“god, spirit”) (whence Proto-Germanic *ansuz) and *deywós (“god”) + -ած (-ac), or of the same *h₂énsus and *տուած (*tuac, “given”), from տու- (tu-) + -ած (-ac);
- a derivation from the root աստ- (ast-), which is a by-form of հաստ (hast), although usually mistakenly connected with ազդ (azd); compare աստի (asti, “firm, sure; vehement, impetuous, strong”).
Noun
աստուած • (astuac)
- pagan god
- (capitalized, singular only) God of Christianity
- արար Ած՟ զաշխարհս յանգոյից ― arar Ac. zašxarhs yangoyicʿ ― God created the world from nothing
- տալ փառս Այ՟ ― tal pʿaṙs Ay. ― to glorify God, to give or render glory to God, to thank God
- ի պատկեր Այ՟ ― i patker Ay. ― in the image of God
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Usage notes
In the sense of “God” the word was always abbreviated: see the picture above.
Declension
o-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | աստուած (astuac) | աստուածք (astuackʿ) | |
| genitive | աստուածոյ (astuacoy) | աստուածոց (astuacocʿ) | |
| dative | աստուածոյ (astuacoy) | աստուածոց (astuacocʿ) | |
| accusative | աստուած (astuac) | աստուածս (astuacs) | |
| ablative | աստուածոյ (astuacoy) | աստուածոց (astuacocʿ) | |
| instrumental | աստուածով (astuacov) | աստուածովք (astuacovkʿ) | |
| locative | աստուած (astuac) | աստուածս (astuacs) | |
| Older grammarians taught that the above declension is for “pagan gods” and that in the sense of “true God” the declension goes like this *Աստուծոյ (*Astucoy), *Աստուծով (*Astucov), etc. However, this is not true. The word and its inflections were always written in an abbreviated form—Ած՟ (Ac.), Այ՟ (Ay.), յԱյ՟ (yAy.), Ավ՟ (Av.), etc., and in the situation where the correct inflections were not explicitly attested the Middle Armenian form Աստուծոյ (Astucoy), which had regularly developed from Old Armenian *Աստուածոյ (*Astuacoy), was taken to be true also for Old Armenian and the incorrect spellings were introduced into manuscripts of Old Armenian made in the Middle Ages. That the correct form is *Աստուածոյ (*Astuacoy) is shown by phonological laws of Old Armenian and by the attested declension of the sense “false god”. | |||
Derived terms
Terms derived from աստուած (astuac)
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Descendants
- Armenian: աստված (astvac)
References
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “աստուած”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “աստուած”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “աստուած”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “աստուած”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik
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