собака

Russian

Собака

Etymology

Either from an Iranian or Turkic language. What makes Russian sobaka so crucial is that it occurs only in the Median language in a closer or identical form.[1] In the mid-5th century BCE, Herodotus (Histories 1.110) wrote that σπάκα (spaka) was the Median word for a female dog. Alternatively, it may come from a Turkic language via dialectal change of s to k change;[2] compare Turkish köpek. Turkic probably had both forms, *kopak(V) and *sopak(V).[1] Trubachev offers a similar k ~ s sound shifting case for Russian сорок.[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sɐˈbakə]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

соба́ка • (sobáka) f anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)

  1. dog
    сторожева́я соба́ка ― storoževája sobáka ― watchdog
    дворо́вая соба́ка ― dvoróvaja sobáka ― cur, mongrel, mutt
    Вот где соба́ка зарыта! ― Vot gde sobáka zaryta! ― Now I see it!
    Его́ ка́ждая соба́ка зна́ет ― Jevó káždaja sobáka znájet ― Everyone knows him.
    голо́дный как соба́ка ― golódnyj kak sobáka ― as hungry as a dog; wolfish, rapacious
    замёрзнуть как соба́ка ― zamjórznutʹ kak sobáka ― to be chilled to the marrow
    злой как соба́ка ― zloj kak sobáka ― mad as hell
    ну́жный как соба́ке пя́тая нога́ ― núžnyj kak sobáke pjátaja nogá ― need like a hole in the head
    соба́ка на се́не ― sobáka na séne ― dog in the manger
    соба́ку съесть ― sobáku sʺjestʹ ― to know something inside out
    уста́ть как соба́ка ― ustátʹ kak sobáka ― to be dog-tired
  2. hound
    соба́ка-ище́йка ― sobáka-iščéjka ― bloodhound
  3. (pejorative) mongrel; bastard
  4. (Internet) @ (at sign)

Declension

Declension of соба́ка (anim fem-form velar-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative соба́ка
sobáka		 соба́ки
sobáki
genitive соба́ки
sobáki		 соба́к
sobák
dative соба́ке
sobáke		 соба́кам
sobákam
accusative соба́ку
sobáku		 соба́к
sobák
instrumental соба́кой, соба́кою
sobákoj, sobákoju		 соба́ками
sobákami
prepositional соба́ке
sobáke		 соба́ках
sobákax

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Karatay (2009), in Journal of Eurasian Studies, Volume I., Issue 3. Page 49.
  2. ↑ Trubachev, in Vasmer III, 1987: 702-3
  3. ↑ Trubachev, in Vasmer III, 1987: 723.

Ukrainian

собака

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Noun

соба́ка • (sobáka) m anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки)

  1. dog (animal)

Declension

Noun

соба́ка • (sobáka) f anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки)

  1. (figuratively, pejorative) scoundrel, detestable person

Declension

References

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