перед

See also: перёд

Russian

Alternative forms

пе́редо (péredo) (before awkward consonant clusters)

Etymology

From Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, whence also пере- (pere-), перез (perez). Doublet of пред (pred), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpʲerʲɪt]
Audio (file)

Preposition

пе́ред • (péred) (+ instrumental case)

in front of, before
right/immediately before

Usage notes

The preposition takes nouns in the instrumental case.
Пе́ред and до (do) have similar meanings, but they are not interchangeable. When speaking about time:

до (do) (до моме́нта (do moménta)) can mean quite a long time, whereas пе́ред (péred) (перед моме́нтом (pered moméntom)) means just before the very moment.

Examples:

Дава́й встре́тимся до рабо́ты. ― Daváj vstrétimsja do rabóty. ― Let’s meet before work (any time between now and when we start work, and the meeting could be anywhere).

Дава́й встре́тимся пе́ред рабо́той. ― Daváj vstrétimsja péred rabótoj. ― Let’s meet before work (just before we start work, immediately before work, and probably at the job site).

When speaking about space:

До города́ ещё далеко́. ― Do gorodá ješčó dalekó. ― The city is still far away (measured from here to there).

Я дошёл до перекрёстка (I reached the crossroads, going from here to there).

Пе́ред сою́зом «что» ста́вится запята́я. ― Péred sojúzom “što” stávitsja zapjatája. ― A comma is placed before the conjunction “što” (immediately before that word).

The preposition пе́ред can be combined with са́мым (sámym). For example:

Мы пригото́вились к екзамéнам пе́ред са́мым обе́дом. ― My prigotóvilisʹ k jekzaménam péred sámym obédom. ― We had prepared for the exams just very immediately before the lunch.

Sentences with пе́ред са́мым use perfective verbs. Compared to sentences with perfective verbs while using the ordinary пе́ред, it has a much shorter interval between the completed action/event and the particular action/event that the пе́ред са́мым modifies. Hence, пе́ред са́мым has a bigger emphasis meaning-wise than the ordinary пе́ред.

Synonyms

пред (pred), предо (predo)

Derived terms

пе́ред тем как (péred tem kak)
передача (peredača)

Noun

пе́ред • (péred) m inan (genitive пе́реда, nominative plural переда́, genitive plural передо́в)

front, forepart

Declension

Declension of пе́ред (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg)

	singular	plural
nominative	пе́ред péred	переда́^△ peredá^△
genitive	пе́реда péreda	передо́в peredóv
dative	пе́реду péredu	переда́м peredám
accusative	пе́ред péred	переда́^△ peredá^△
instrumental	пе́редом péredom	переда́ми peredámi
prepositional	пе́реде pérede	переда́х peredáx

△ Irregular.

Antonyms

зад (zad)

Related terms

пере́дний (perédnij)
пере́дник (perédnik)
передово́й (peredovój)
передо́к (peredók)
перёд (perjód)

References

Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “перед”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 21
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “перед”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačev O. N., Moscow: Progress

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