пере-

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *per-.

Pronunciation

• пере-: IPA^(key): [pʲɪrʲɪ]
• пере́-: IPA^(key): [pʲɪˈrʲe] (when stressed in past passive participles)
• пе́ре-: IPA^(key): [ˈpʲerʲɪ] (when stressed in nouns)

Pronunciation

• Audio

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Prefix

пере- • (pere-)

1. (used with verbs) over, over again (describing an action of moving by overcoming one or more obstacles)

   • лете́ть (imperfective, concrete) ― letétʹ ― to fly
   • перелете́ть (perfective) ― pereletétʹ ― to fly (by avoiding unpleasant factors such as bad weathers, falling objects, etc.; as one of its meanings)

2. (used with verbs) across, trans- (describing an action of moving to a different place)

   • идти́ (imperfective, concrete) ― idtí ― to go
   • перейти́ (perfective) ― perejtí ― to cross

3. (used with verbs) too much (describing an action of resulting something excessive)

   • стара́ться (imperfective) ― starátʹsja ― to try hard
   • перестара́ться (perfective) ― perestarátʹsja ― to overdo, try too hard

4. (used with verbs) extremely (describing an action of doing something much extreme than an average action)

   • крича́ть (imperfective) ― kričátʹ ― to shout
   • перекрича́ть (perfective) ― perekričátʹ ― to shout down (i.e. shouting much louder than someone)

5. (used with verbs) re- (describing a repeating action)

   • смотре́ть (imperfective) ― smotrétʹ ― to look, see
   • пересмотре́ть (perfective) ― peresmotrétʹ ― to review (i.e. seeing something again)

6. (used with verbs) (describing an alternating or exchanging action)

   • говори́ть (imperfective) ― govorítʹ ― to speak, talk
   • перегова́риваться (imperfective) ― peregovárivatʹsja ― to exchange remarks or words (the -ся suffix describes the presence of mutual actions among two or more individuals)

7. (used with verbs) (describing a consequence of a completed action that affects many entities of a group)

   • стреля́ть (imperfective) ― streljátʹ ― to shoot (merely describing a simple action of shooting with a weapon)
   • перестреля́ть (perfective) ― perestreljátʹ ― to shoot many targets

8. (used with verbs) (describing a destructed state of an entity, usually by cutting or tearing with tools or tool-like implements)

   • ре́зать (imperfective) ― rézatʹ ― to cut up
   • перере́зать (perfective) ― pererézatʹ ― to cut up many times with a sharp tool (also implying a meaning related to slaughtering and killing)
   • куса́ть (imperfective) ― kusátʹ ― to bite
   • перекуси́ть (perfective) ― perekusítʹ ― to split something into two by biting

9. (used with verbs, colloquial, rare) (describing a light action that is not done in full measure)

   • куса́ть (imperfective) ― kusátʹ ― to eat (literally, “to bite”)
   • перекуси́ть (perfective) ― perekusítʹ ― to eat something quickly and less