šokti

Lithuanian

Etymology

Cognate with Latvian sâkt (“start, begin”). Frequently connected with Old Church Slavonic скакати, скачѫ (skakati, skačǫ, “hop, jump”), скочити (skočiti, “jump, leap”), Proto-Germanic *skehaną (“spring up, emerge”). If so, we could be looking at a Proto-Indo-European s-mobile *(s)ḱeh₂k-, *(s)ḱoh₂k-[1], with the palatovelar present in the Baltic forms (< *śoˀk-) being neutralised after s in Slavic (< *skoˀk-).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʂoːk.tʲɪ/

Verb

šókti (third-person present tense šóka, third-person past tense šóko)

  1. jump, leap
  2. hop, skip (move by jumping)
    Žiógas šóka per̃ pievẽlę - A grasshopper is hopping across the lawn.
  3. run about, work a lot; (with apiẽ + accusative) fuss, pander to someone's needs
  4. spring up, appear suddenly; act, set about suddenly
    Vė́jas šóko šakosè ir̃ mė́tė lapùs añt žemė̃s. - The wind gushed through the branches, throwing leaves to the ground.
    Pamãtę patrùlinį automobìlį, visì šóko bė̃gti. - When they saw the patrol car, they all broke into a run.
  5. dance (move in rhythm to music)

Declension

dalyviai of šokti
active passive
present šókąs, šókantis šókamas
past šókęs šóktas
past frequentative šókdavęs —
future šóksiąs, šóksiantis šóksimas
participle of necessity — šóktinas
pusdalyvis of šokti
active
special adverbial participle šókdamas
padalyviai of šokti
active
present adverbial šókant
past adverbial šókus
past frequentative adverbial šókdavus
future adverbial šóksiant
būdinys of šokti
manner of action participle šókte, šóktinai

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ Miguel Villanueva Svensson (2009) 'Indo-European *sk̑ in Balto-Slavic languages', Baltistica, Volume XLIV(1), pages 5–24
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