horreo

See also: hórreo

Latin

FWOTD – 9 July 2013

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *horzēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”). Cognate with hīrtus, eris (“hedgehog”), Welsh garw (“rough”), Sanskrit हृष्यति (hṛṣyati, “become erect or stiff or rigid; be glad”), हर्षयति (harṣayati, “to excite”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀‎ (zarəšiiamna, “excited”).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈhor.re.oː/, [ˈhɔr.re.oː]

Verb

horreō (present infinitive horrēre, perfect active horruī, supine horruitum); second conjugation

  1. I stand erect, stand on end.
  2. I tremble, shiver.
  3. I dread, am afraid of.
  4. I am frightful.

Inflection

   Conjugation of horreo (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present horreō horrēs horret horrēmus horrētis horrent
imperfect horrēbam horrēbās horrēbat horrēbāmus horrēbātis horrēbant
future horrēbō horrēbis horrēbit horrēbimus horrēbitis horrēbunt
perfect horruī horruistī horruit horruimus horruistis horruērunt, horruēre
pluperfect horrueram horruerās horruerat horruerāmus horruerātis horruerant
future perfect horruerō horrueris horruerit horruerimus horrueritis horruerint
passive present horreor horrēris, horrēre horrētur horrēmur horrēminī horrentur
imperfect horrēbar horrēbāris, horrēbāre horrēbātur horrēbāmur horrēbāminī horrēbantur
future horrēbor horrēberis, horrēbere horrēbitur horrēbimur horrēbiminī horrēbuntur
perfect horruitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect horruitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect horruitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present horream horreās horreat horreāmus horreātis horreant
imperfect horrērem horrērēs horrēret horrērēmus horrērētis horrērent
perfect horruerim horruerīs horruerit horruerīmus horruerītis horruerint
pluperfect horruissem horruissēs horruisset horruissēmus horruissētis horruissent
passive present horrear horreāris, horreāre horreātur horreāmur horreāminī horreantur
imperfect horrērer horrērēris, horrērēre horrērētur horrērēmur horrērēminī horrērentur
perfect horruitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect horruitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — horrē — — horrēte —
future — horrētō horrētō — horrētōte horrentō
passive present — horrēre — — horrēminī —
future — horrētor horrētor — — horrentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives horrēre horruisse horruitūrus esse horrērī horruitus esse horruitum īrī
participles horrēns — horruitūrus — horruitus horrendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
horrēre horrendī horrendō horrendum horruitum horruitū

Derived terms

Descendants

Adjective

horreō

  1. dative singular of horreum
  2. ablative singular of horreum

References

  • horreo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • horreo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • horreo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • his hair stands on end: capilli horrent
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 290
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