haïr

See also: hair

French

Etymology

From Middle French haïr (“to hate”), from Old French hair (“to hate”) (compare Old French enhadir (“to become filled with hate”)), from Frankish *hatjan (“to hate”), from Proto-Germanic *hatjaną (“to hunt, rush, attack”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱād- (“strong emotion”). Akin to Old High German hezzen (“to hunt, pursue”), Old English hettan (“to pursue, persecute”), Old English hete (“hate, hatred”). More at hate, heinous.

Pronunciation

  • (Europe) (aspirated h) IPA(key): /a.iʁ/
  • Audio (France, Paris)(file)
  • (Canada) (mute h) IPA(key): /a.iʁ/, /a.jiʁ/
  • (Louisiana) IPA(key): /ha.ir/, /ha.jir/, /ha.hir/
  • Rhymes: -ir

Verb

haïr

  1. (transitive) to hate

Usage notes

  • In Standard French, the h of haïr is said to be aspiré (aspirate) and therefore shows that elisions of vowels and liaisons are not possible, i.e. “I hate you (sg.)” is je te hais, not je t’hais.
  • In Canadian French, the past historic is used as the present tense for the first, second, and third person singular subject pronouns. Also, the "h" is not aspirated, therefore making elisions possible. For example: "I hate you" is "je t'haïs." Note that this usage is vernacular and not standard.
  • In Louisiana, the "h" retains its pronunciation as the consonant /h/.

Conjugation

This verb is spelled as if conjugated like finir, but has a diaeresis throughout its conjugation (including where the circumflex would normally be used) except in the singular indicative present, whose forms are pronounced /ɛ/ in Standard French instead of /ai/, a pronunciation nonetheless often found in informal speech.

  Conjugation of haïr (see also Appendix:French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive haïr avoir haï
gerund en haïssant en ayant haï
present participle haïssant
/a.i.sɑ̃/
past participle haï
/a.i/
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il nous vous ils
simple
tenses		 present hais
/ɛ/		 hais
/ɛ/		 hait
/ɛ/		 haïssons
/a.i.sɔ̃/		 haïssez
/a.i.se/		 haïssent
/a.is/
imperfect haïssais
/a.i.sɛ/		 haïssais
/a.i.sɛ/		 haïssait
/a.i.sɛ/		 haïssions
/a.i.sjɔ̃/		 haïssiez
/a.i.sje/		 haïssaient
/a.i.sɛ/
past historic1 haïs
/a.i/		 haïs
/a.i/		 haït
/a.i/		 haïmes
/a.im/		 haïtes
/a.it/		 haïrent
/a.iʁ/
future haïrai
/a.i.ʁe/		 haïras
/a.i.ʁa/		 haïra
/a.i.ʁa/		 haïrons
/a.i.ʁɔ̃/		 haïrez
/a.i.ʁe/		 haïront
/a.i.ʁɔ̃/
conditional haïrais
/a.i.ʁɛ/		 haïrais
/a.i.ʁɛ/		 haïrait
/a.i.ʁɛ/		 haïrions
/a.i.ʁjɔ̃/		 haïriez
/a.i.ʁje/		 haïraient
/a.i.ʁɛ/
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior1 Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il que nous que vous qu’ils
simple
tenses		 present haïsse
/a.is/		 haïsses
/a.is/		 haïsse
/a.is/		 haïssions
/a.i.sjɔ̃/		 haïssiez
/a.i.sje/		 haïssent
/a.is/
imperfect1 haïsse
/a.is/		 haïsses
/a.is/		 haït
/a.i/		 haïssions
/a.i.sjɔ̃/		 haïssiez
/a.i.sje/		 haïssent
/a.is/
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect1 Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— hais
/ɛ/		 — haïssons
/a.i.sɔ̃/		 haïssez
/a.i.se/		 —
1literary tenses

See also

Further reading

Middle French

Verb

haïr

  1. (transitive) to hate

Old French

Verb

haïr

  1. Alternative form of hair

Usage notes

  • Diaereses are used by some, but not all scholars, to show that two or more vowels do not constitute a diphthong or triphthong. See Appendix:Old French spellings for more information.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.