garnir

French

Etymology

From Middle French garnir, from Old French guarnir (“to protect (oneself), armour up”), from Frankish *warnijan (“to ward, take care of something”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, be careful, take heed, refuse, withhold”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”). Compare Italian guarnire. Cognate with Middle Dutch waernen (“to provide, equip”), Middle Low German warnen, wernen (“to secure, arm”), Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent”), Old Norse varna (“to prevent, refuse, protect”). Related to warn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡaʁ.niʁ/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

garnir

  1. to furnish (a building, a room)
  2. (military, dated) to arm
  3. to decorate, to pretty, to garnish

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

  Conjugation of garnir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive garnir avoir garni
gerund en garnissant en ayant garni
present participle garnissant
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɑ̃/
past participle garni
/ɡaʁ.ni/
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il nous vous ils
simple
tenses		 present garnis
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnis
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnit
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnissons
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/		 garnissez
/ɡaʁ.ni.se/		 garnissent
/ɡaʁ.nis/
imperfect garnissais
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/		 garnissais
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/		 garnissait
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/		 garnissions
/ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/		 garnissiez
/ɡaʁ.ni.sje/		 garnissaient
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/
past historic1 garnis
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnis
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnit
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnîmes
/ɡaʁ.nim/		 garnîtes
/ɡaʁ.nit/		 garnirent
/ɡaʁ.niʁ/
future garnirai
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/		 garniras
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/		 garnira
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/		 garnirons
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/		 garnirez
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/		 garniront
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/
conditional garnirais
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/		 garnirais
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/		 garnirait
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/		 garnirions
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁjɔ̃/		 garniriez
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁje/		 garniraient
/ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior1 Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il que nous que vous qu’ils
simple
tenses		 present garnisse
/ɡaʁ.nis/		 garnisses
/ɡaʁ.nis/		 garnisse
/ɡaʁ.nis/		 garnissions
/ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/		 garnissiez
/ɡaʁ.ni.sje/		 garnissent
/ɡaʁ.nis/
imperfect1 garnisse
/ɡaʁ.nis/		 garnisses
/ɡaʁ.nis/		 garnît
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 garnissions
/ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/		 garnissiez
/ɡaʁ.ni.sje/		 garnissent
/ɡaʁ.nis/
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect1 Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— garnis
/ɡaʁ.ni/		 — garnissons
/ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/		 garnissez
/ɡaʁ.ni.se/		 —
1literary tenses

Descendants

Further reading

Icelandic

Noun

garnir

  1. indefinite nominative plural of görn
  2. indefinite accusative plural of görn

Middle French

Verb

garnir

  1. to equip; to furnish with
  2. to decorate
    • circa 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
      Guy de Trimouille fist tres richemment garnir la nef ou son corps devoit passer
      Guy de Trimouille richly decorated the boat where his body should lay

Old French

Etymology

From Frankish *warnjan, from *warnōn.

Verb

garnir

  1. to protect
  2. (by extension) to arm (provide with arms)
  3. (by extension) to armor
  4. (by extension) to clothe

Derived terms

Descendants

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