consul

See also: cónsul and cônsul

English

Etymology

From Latin cōnsul, from con- (“with”) +‎ salīre (“to jump, to leap”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkɒn.səl/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈkɑn.səl/

Noun

consul (plural consuls)

  1. (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
  2. (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
  3. (obsolete) A count or earl.
  4. (obsolete) A councillor, particularly:
    1. (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
    2. (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
    3. (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
  5. (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of his or her country.
  6. (obsolete) A counsellor.
    • Shakespeare
      Many of the consuls, raised and met,
      Are at the duke's already.
    • Bible, Job. iii. 14 (Douay version)
      With kings and consuls of the earth.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

References

  1. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 1st edition: "consul, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1893.

Anagrams

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɔnzʏl/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: con‧sul

Noun

consul m (plural consuls)

  1. consul (official in foreign country)
  2. (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔ̃.syl/

Noun

consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)

  1. consul, in its various senses.

Synonyms

  • (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): échevin; capitoul (Toulouse)

Further reading

Anagrams

Latin

Bas-relief of Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius, consul ad 517, in his robes of office.

Alternative forms

  • (in oblique cases): cōnsul. (abbreviation)

Etymology

From Old Latin consol. Maybe related to the Latin verb cōnsulō but details are not clear.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension

  1. consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
    • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
      O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
      "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!"
  2. a proconsul
  3. the highest magistrate in other states
  4. an epithet of the god Jupiter

Declension

Third declension.

Case Singular Plural
nominative cōnsul cōnsulēs
genitive cōnsulis cōnsulum
dative cōnsulī cōnsulibus
accusative cōnsulem cōnsulēs
ablative cōnsule cōnsulibus
vocative cōnsul cōnsulēs

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • consul in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • consul in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
    • to elect a consul: consulem creare
    • to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
    • to offically proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
    • twice consul: bis consul
    • consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
    • consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
    • (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
    • (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
    • (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
  • consul in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • consul in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  1. ↑ “console” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

Norman

Etymology

From Latin cōnsul (“consul”).

Noun

consul m (plural consuls)

  1. (Jersey) consul
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