cercler
French
Etymology
cercle + -er, or alternatively from Vulgar Latin *circlāre, from Late Latin circulō, circulāre, from Latin circulor (and therefore a doublet of the borrowed circuler[1]). Compare Italian cerchiare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɛʁ.kle/
Verb
cercler
Conjugation
Conjugation of cercler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cercler | avoir cerclé | |||||
| gerund | en cerclant | en ayant cerclé | |||||
| present participle | cerclant /sɛʁ.klɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | cerclé /sɛʁ.kle/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | cercle /sɛʁkl/ |
cercles /sɛʁkl/ |
cercle /sɛʁkl/ |
cerclons /sɛʁ.klɔ̃/ |
cerclez /sɛʁ.kle/ |
cerclent /sɛʁkl/ |
| imperfect | cerclais /sɛʁ.klɛ/ |
cerclais /sɛʁ.klɛ/ |
cerclait /sɛʁ.klɛ/ |
cerclions /sɛʁ.kli.jɔ̃/ |
cercliez /sɛʁ.kli.je/ |
cerclaient /sɛʁ.klɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | cerclai /sɛʁ.kle/ |
cerclas /sɛʁ.kla/ |
cercla /sɛʁ.kla/ |
cerclâmes /sɛʁ.klam/ |
cerclâtes /sɛʁ.klat/ |
cerclèrent /sɛʁ.klɛʁ/ | |
| future | cerclerai /sɛʁ.klə.ʁe/ |
cercleras /sɛʁ.klə.ʁa/ |
cerclera /sɛʁ.klə.ʁa/ |
cerclerons /sɛʁ.klə.ʁɔ̃/ |
cerclerez /sɛʁ.klə.ʁe/ |
cercleront /sɛʁ.klə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cerclerais /sɛʁ.klə.ʁɛ/ |
cerclerais /sɛʁ.klə.ʁɛ/ |
cerclerait /sɛʁ.klə.ʁɛ/ |
cerclerions /sɛʁ.klə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cercleriez /sɛʁ.klə.ʁje/ |
cercleraient /sɛʁ.klə.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | cercle /sɛʁkl/ |
cercles /sɛʁkl/ |
cercle /sɛʁkl/ |
cerclions /sɛʁ.kli.jɔ̃/ |
cercliez /sɛʁ.kli.je/ |
cerclent /sɛʁkl/ |
| imperfect1 | cerclasse /sɛʁ.klas/ |
cerclasses /sɛʁ.klas/ |
cerclât /sɛʁ.kla/ |
cerclassions /sɛʁ.kla.sjɔ̃/ |
cerclassiez /sɛʁ.kla.sje/ |
cerclassent /sɛʁ.klas/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | cercle /sɛʁkl/ |
— | cerclons /sɛʁ.klɔ̃/ |
cerclez /sɛʁ.kle/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
References
Further reading
- “cercler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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