circuler
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, present active infinitive of circulō, post-Augustan form of circulor. Compare cercler, possibly an inherited doublet.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siʁ.ky.le/
Audio (file)
Verb
circuler
- (intransitive) To circulate
- (intransitive) To go by, to get around
Conjugation
Conjugation of circuler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | circuler | avoir circulé | |||||
| gerund | en circulant | en ayant circulé | |||||
| present participle | circulant /siʁ.ky.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | circulé /siʁ.ky.le/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | circule /siʁ.kyl/ |
circules /siʁ.kyl/ |
circule /siʁ.kyl/ |
circulons /siʁ.ky.lɔ̃/ |
circulez /siʁ.ky.le/ |
circulent /siʁ.kyl/ |
| imperfect | circulais /siʁ.ky.lɛ/ |
circulais /siʁ.ky.lɛ/ |
circulait /siʁ.ky.lɛ/ |
circulions /siʁ.ky.ljɔ̃/ |
circuliez /siʁ.ky.lje/ |
circulaient /siʁ.ky.lɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | circulai /siʁ.ky.le/ |
circulas /siʁ.ky.la/ |
circula /siʁ.ky.la/ |
circulâmes /siʁ.ky.lam/ |
circulâtes /siʁ.ky.lat/ |
circulèrent /siʁ.ky.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | circulerai /siʁ.kyl.ʁe/ |
circuleras /siʁ.kyl.ʁa/ |
circulera /siʁ.kyl.ʁa/ |
circulerons /siʁ.kyl.ʁɔ̃/ |
circulerez /siʁ.kyl.ʁe/ |
circuleront /siʁ.kyl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | circulerais /siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ |
circulerais /siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ |
circulerait /siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ |
circulerions /siʁ.ky.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
circuleriez /siʁ.ky.lə.ʁje/ |
circuleraient /siʁ.kyl.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | circule /siʁ.kyl/ |
circules /siʁ.kyl/ |
circule /siʁ.kyl/ |
circulions /siʁ.ky.ljɔ̃/ |
circuliez /siʁ.ky.lje/ |
circulent /siʁ.kyl/ |
| imperfect1 | circulasse /siʁ.ky.las/ |
circulasses /siʁ.ky.las/ |
circulât /siʁ.ky.la/ |
circulassions /siʁ.ky.la.sjɔ̃/ |
circulassiez /siʁ.ky.la.sje/ |
circulassent /siʁ.ky.las/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | circule /siʁ.kyl/ |
— | circulons /siʁ.ky.lɔ̃/ |
circulez /siʁ.ky.le/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “circuler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Verb
circuler
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of circulō
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