an-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "an"

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English an-, from Old English an-, on- (“on-”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”). More at on.

Alternative forms

Prefix

an-

  1. A prefix of Anglo-Saxon origin, the same as on-.
    ancome, aneal, anent

Etymology 2

From Middle English an-, and-, from Old English and-, ond- (“and-, back, against”). More at and-.

Prefix

an-

  1. A prefix of Anglo-Saxon origin, a reduced form of and-.
    answer

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).

Prefix

an-

  1. not; used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. Used with stems that begin with vowels and "h".
Derived terms

See also

Anagrams

Aromanian

Prefix

an-

  1. Alternative form of ãn-

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

  • am- (when followed by a vowel or a consonant which is labial)

Prefix

an-

  1. Subject prefix for verbs; it indicates that the subject is second-person plural; you, you all.

Dutch

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Prefix

an-

  1. an-: Not, without, opposite of.

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Dutch_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Dutch words prefixed with an-</a>

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /an‿/

Prefix

an-

  1. in-, an-. Alternative form of a- before a vowel or h

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:French_words_prefixed_with_an-'>French words prefixed with an-</a>

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔan/
  • Audio(file)

Prefix

an-

  1. Separable verb prefix, on
  2. Separable verb prefix, up

Synonyms

  • (up): hoch-

Antonyms

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:German_words_prefixed_with_an-'>German words prefixed with an-</a>

See also

Ido

Etymology

From an (“at, on”).

Prefix

an-

  1. at, on

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Ido_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Ido words prefixed with an-</a>

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Alternative forms

  • ana- (form used before consonants in Munster)

Pronunciation

  • (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈɑn̪ˠ/
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /ˈɑːn/
  • (Connemara, Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈan̪ˠ/

Prefix

an-

  1. (with adjectives, always spelled with a hyphen) very
    Synonyms: fíor-, rí-
  2. (with adjectives) over-, excessively, intensely
  3. (with nouns) great, excessive
Usage notes
  • Triggers lenition (except of d, s, and t):
  • an- + ‎beag → ‎an-bheag (“very small”)
  • an- + ‎deas → ‎an-deas (“very nice”)
  • In some dialects (e.g. Aran), it also changes s to ts:
  • an- + ‎saor → ‎an-tsaor (“very cheap”) (standard form an-saor)
  • In Munster, this form is used only before a vowel; before a consonant the variant ana- is used.

Derived terms

Category Irish words prefixed with an- (very) not found
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Irish_words_prefixed_with_an-_(excessively)'>Irish words prefixed with an- (excessively)</a>
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Irish_words_prefixed_with_an-_(great)'>Irish words prefixed with an- (great)</a>

Etymology 2

From Old Irish an-, in-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Alternative forms

  • ain- (used before slender vowels and consonants)

Pronunciation

  • (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈɑn̪ˠ/
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /ˈɑn/
  • (Connemara, Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈan̪ˠ/

Prefix

an- (usually spelled without a hyphen)

  1. in-, un-, not
  2. bad, unnatural

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Irish_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Irish words prefixed with an-</a>
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Irish_words_prefixed_with_an-_(un-)'>Irish words prefixed with an- (un-)</a>
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Irish_words_prefixed_with_an-_(bad)'>Irish words prefixed with an- (bad)</a>

Mutation

Irish mutation
RadicalEclipsiswith h-prothesiswith t-prothesis
an- n-an- han- t-an-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From the preposition an, from Proto-Germanic *in. Compare German ein-, English in-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑn/

Prefix

an-

  1. in- (indicates physical or metaphorical motion into something)

Usage notes

  • When attached to a verb stem beginning with a consonant sound other than /d/, /h/, /n/, /t/ or /t͡s/, the prefix becomes a- as a result of the Eifeler Regel.

Antonyms

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Luxembourgish_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Luxembourgish words prefixed with an-</a>

Malagasy

Prefix

an-

  1. prefix element of an- -ana

See also

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Prefix

an-

  1. un-, not

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Middle_Welsh_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Middle Welsh words prefixed with an-</a>

Descendants

Old English

Alternative forms

  • ǣn-

Etymology

From ān (“one”).

Prefix

ān-

  1. one, uni-, only
    āncyn (“only, unique”)
  2. sole, single, solitary; alone
    ānbūend (“hermit”)
    ānġilde (“single payment”)

Old French

Prefix

an-

  1. Alternative form of en-

Usage notes

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Prefix

an-

  1. un-, not
  2. very

Usage notes

Before c, the suffix becomes é-.

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Old_Irish_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Old Irish words prefixed with an-</a>

Descendants

Pali

Alternative forms

Prefix

an-

  1. Alternative form of a- used before words beginning with vowels

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Pali_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Pali words prefixed with an-</a>

References

  • an- in Pali Text Society (1921–1925), Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead. (licensed under CC-BY-NC)

Pipil

Pronunciation

  • (standard) IPA(key): /an/

Prefix

an-

  1. (personal) you, second-person plural subject marker.
    Antekitit tik ne mil?
    Do you work at the cornfield?

Usage notes

  • Before a vowel, an- changes to anh-. The digraph ⟨nh⟩ is pronounced as [ŋ]. Example:
Anhajsiket peyna.
You came early.

See also

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Prefix

an-

  1. un-, anti-
  2. bad, unnatural

Derived terms

Prefix

an-

  1. Used to emphasise the root.

Derived terms

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh an-, from Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Prefix

an-

  1. un-, not, anti-

Usage notes

Triggers the nasal mutation, sometimes with accompanying euphonic or orthographic adjustments.

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Welsh_words_prefixed_with_an-'>Welsh words prefixed with an-</a>
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