-kas

See also: kas, kAS, kAs, kaš, kaş, Kaş, and kas-

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognate to Finnish -kas.

Suffix

-kas (genitive -ka, partitive -kat)

  1. Derives adjectives from some nouns
    sisu "content" → sisukas "eventful"
    vaim "soul" → vaimukas "funny"
    nali "joke" → naljakas "funny"

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Estonian_words_suffixed_with_-kas'>Estonian words suffixed with -kas</a>

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-k'as.

Suffix

-kas (front vowel harmony variant -käs)

  1. -y, -ful; a suffix that can be used to turn many, but not all, nouns into adjectives that indicate abundant presence of the thing expressed by the noun.
    kukka (“flower”) → kukikas (“flower-patterned”)
    raha (“money”) → rahakas (“lucrative”)
    taito (“skill”) → taidokas (“skilful”)
    voima (“power”) → voimakas (“powerful”)
    ääni (“noise”) → äänekäs (“noisy”)
    harteet (“shoulders”) → harteikas (“broad-shouldered”)
  2. Forms nouns chacterized by an abundance of the base word.
    asia (“errand, matter”) → asiakas (“customer”)
    ora (“thorn”) → orakas (“hydnoid mushroom”)
  3. -ish; a suffix that forms moderative adjectives; rare in standard Finnish.
    kuiva (“dry”) → kuivakas (“dryish”)
  4. Forms nouns indicating a concept associated with the base word from nouns or verbs.
    juuri (“root”) → juurikas (“root vegetable”)
    pudota (“to fall”) → pudokas (“fallen object”)


Declension

Inflection of -kas (Kotus type 41/vieras, kk-k gradation)
nominative -kas -kkaat
genitive -kkaan -kkaiden
-kkaitten
partitive -kasta -kkaita
illative -kkaaseen -kkaisiin
singular plural
nominative -kas -kkaat
accusative nom. -kas -kkaat
gen. -kkaan
genitive -kkaan -kkaiden
-kkaitten
partitive -kasta -kkaita
inessive -kkaassa -kkaissa
elative -kkaasta -kkaista
illative -kkaaseen -kkaisiin
-kkaihinrare
adessive -kkaalla -kkailla
ablative -kkaalta -kkailta
allative -kkaalle -kkaille
essive -kkaana -kkaina
translative -kkaaksi -kkaiksi
instructive — -kkain
abessive -kkaatta -kkaitta
comitative — -kkaine

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Finnish_words_suffixed_with_-kas'>Finnish words suffixed with -kas</a>

Usage notes

When the suffix is added to the noun, the stem changes in accordance with consonant gradation. The suffix is added to the plural stem on most hame-type nouns and in many cases of other non-mass concrete nouns, e.g. maine → maineikas instead of **maineekas, kukka → kukikas instead of **kukakas.

Anagrams

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